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www.sti-innsbruck.at © Copyright 2008 STI INNSBRUCK www.sti-innsbruck.at
Why weren’t Ants the first Astronauts?
Dieter FenselUniversity of Innsbruck
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www.sti-innsbruck.at © Copyright 2008 STI INNSBRUCK www.sti-innsbruck.at
The Theory of the Branching Universes
www.sti-innsbruck.at © Copyright 2008 STI INNSBRUCK www.sti-innsbruck.at
The theory of the branching Universes
www.sti-innsbruck.at © Copyright 2008 STI INNSBRUCK www.sti-innsbruck.at
The theory of the branching UniversesThe Book about the Rudiverse
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The theory of the branching Universes
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Structure of the book
• The work of Rudi in perspective: – Foreword– Part I: Peers
• Illustrating of the scope and range of the work of Rudi:– Part II: Academic Legacy
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Foreword: A History of the Semantic Web
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A History of the Semantic Web
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• 1996: Simple HTML Ontology Extensions (SHOE)
• 1997: Ontobroker
• Dagstuhl seminar in 2000
• DAML
• RDF DAML+OIL OWL
• OIL
• First International Semantic Web Conference in 2002
• First European Semantic Web Conference in 2004
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Part I Colleagues and Historical Roots
A Retrospective on Semantics and Interoperability Research – Bernhard Haslhofer and Erich Neuhold
• Interoperability problems arise when
distinct applications communicate and
exchange information objects with
each other.
• Often the structure and semantics of
these objects is defined by autonomous
designers, each having an individual
interpretation of the real world in mind.
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Part I Colleagues and Historical Roots
• Semantic Web and Applied Informatics: Selected Research
Activities in the Institute AIFB– Andreas Oberweis, Hartmut Schmeck, Detlef Seese, Wolffried Stucky, and Stefan Tai
• Effectiveness and Efficiency of Semantics– Peter C. Lockemann
• Knowledge Engineering Rediscovered: Towards Reasoning
Patterns for the SemanticWeb– Frank van Harmelen, Annette ten Teije, and Holger Wache
• Semantic Technology and Knowledge Management– John Davies, Paul Warren, and York Sure
• Tool Support for Ontology Engineering– Ian Horrocks
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Effectiveness and Efficiency of Semantics
• Provides an excellent analysis of the communalities and differences of
database and Ontology technology in terms of efficiency and
effectiveness.
• Even after more than 30 years of existence, relational databases
remain the mainstay of data archiving because they are the most
efficient way to store, select and access data, particularly if the data
are to be interrelated.
• However they make strong assumptions on how data should be
structured …
• Which makes reuse and interoperability more difficult.
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Effectiveness and Efficiency of Semantics
• Semantics can add effectiveness to information retrieval without
loss of efficiency.
• Databases implement the aspect of handling data efficiently with a
computer
• Ontologies/semantics implement the aspect of handling data
effectively in order to achieve a certain goal within a certain domain
and resource boundaries.
• Semantic solutions are always put “on top of” database
solutions!
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Tables versus directed graphs
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Tables versus directed graphs
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Tables versus directed graphs
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Tables versus directed graphs
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Part II Academic Legacy
• Combining Data-Driven and Semantic Approaches for Text Mining
• From SemanticWeb Mining to Social and Ubiquitous Mining
• Towards Networked Knowledge
• Reflecting Knowledge Diversity on theWeb
• Software Modeling Using Ontology Technologies
• Intelligent Service Management—Technologies and Perspectives
• Semantic Technologies and Cloud Computing
• Semantic Complex Event Reasoning—Beyond Complex Event Processing
• Semantics in Knowledge Management
• Semantic MediaWiki
• Real World Application of Semantic Technology
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The theory of the branching UniversesThe Population of the Rudiverse
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Size matters!
• Wife
• Secretaries
• Rabbits
• Children
• PhD students
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One (!) Wife
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Mrs. Euro‘er
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Rabbits – How many?
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Children
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50 PhDs
Jürgen AngeleDieter Fensel
Susanne Becher Dieter Landes
Barbara Messing Markus Wiese Robert EngelsThomas Pirlein
50 PhDs
Alexander Maedche
Stefan Decker
York Sure
Raphael VolzAndreas Hotho Andreas Abecker Ljiljana Stojanovic
Michael Erdmann
Transformators
50 PhDs
Alexander Maedche
Stefan Decker
York Sure
Raphael VolzAndreas Hotho Andreas Abecker Ljiljana Stojanovic
Michael Erdmann
50 PhDs
Siegfried Handschuh
Nenad Stojanovic Daniel Oberle
Boris MotikMarc Ehrig Philipp Cimiano Christoph Tempich
Guido Lindner
50 PhDs
Ernst Biesalski
Saartje Brockmans
Peter HaaseJulien Tane Jens Hartmann
Sudhir AgarwalSteffen Lamparter Stephan Grimm
50 PhDs
Stephan Bloehdorn Mark Hefke Kioumars Namiri Christian Drumm
Johanna Völker Valentin Zacharias Ingo Weber Olaf Grebner
50 PhDs
Denny Vrandecic
Jens Lemcke Ivan Markovitch Sebastian Blohm Tuvshintur Tserendorj
Markus Krötzsch Kay-Uwe Schmidt Thanh Duc Tran
50 PhDs
Holger LewenMax Völkel 51st?
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• Ants form one of the biggest super organisms
• Existing now for 50 million years
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Ants
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• Biggest super organism: Up to 2 million individuals in a single
colony
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Ants
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• Greater biomass than humans
• And significantly more than any other complex species
• Ruling insect species
• Why?
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Ants
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Parents Share Caring for Children
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Cooperation
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Distribution of Work
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Stock Farming
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Agriculture
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Why then no Space Travels?
• Ants have reached these achievements now for more than about 50
million years
• Humans only for about 10 000 years
• So why ants were not first on the moon?
• This question is similar to the following: “Why were humans not on
the moon in the 18th century?“
• „It is the information processing, stupid!“.
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The theory of the branching Universes Summary
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The RudiUniverse
• In the mid 1990s, Tim Berners-Lee had the idea of developing the
World Wide Web into a „Semantic Web“,
• a web of information that could be interpreted by machines in order
to allow the automatic exploitation of data, which until then had to be
done by humans manually.
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The RudiUniverse
• One of the first people to research topics related to the Semantic Web
was Professor Rudi Studer.
• From the beginning, Rudi drove projects like ONTOBROKER and OIL,
which later resulted in W3C standards such as RDF and OWL.
• By the late 1990s, Rudi had established a research group at the
University of Karlsruhe, which later became the nucleus and breeding
ground for Semantic Web research, …
• … and many of today’s well-known research groups were either founded
by his disciples …
• or benefited from close cooperation with this think tank.
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Lets give Rudi Studer an applause and not the speaker!
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Not finished yet! – The epilogue
Dwarfs placed on the shoulders of giants see more than
the giants themselves
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The power of evolution
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The power of evolution - simplified
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Watch the fur!
Prosimian Neuholdonis
HomoErectus Studerus
Homo sapiens Fenselus
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The theory of the branching Universes Fine
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