royal power grows section 8-1 pp. 244-249. preview questions how did monarchs gain power over nobles...
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Royal Power Grows
Section 8-1 pp. 244-249
Preview Questions
• How did monarchs gain power over nobles and the Church?
• What traditions of government developed under John and later English monarchs?
• How did strong monarchs succeed in unifying France?
Monarchs, Nobles, and the Church
• Nobles and the Church each had their own land, taxes, and courts.
• Monarchs attempted to gain power by: – Centralizing the government – Gaining support from the middle class
Strong Monarchs in England
• The Norman Conquest (1066) – William of Normandy
defeated Harold at the Battle of Hastings to become King of England
– Resulted in a blending of Anglo-Saxon and Norman cultures.
Strong Monarchs in England
• Growth of Royal Power– William made nobles swear
loyalty to him above all other lords.
– The Domesday Book was a census used for tax purposes
– The royal treasury, called an exchequer, grew
Strong Monarchs in England
• A Unified Legal System – Henry II established common
law • Based on customs and royal court
rulings• Applied to all of England• Undermined power of nobles and
Church• Used juries
Strong Monarchs in England
• Conflict with the Church – Archbishop Thomas Becket
didn’t support Henry II’s attempt to try clergy in royal court
– Knights assassinated Becket, who was honored as a martyr
– Henry II eased attempts to regulate the clergy
Evolving Traditions of English Government
• King John I – Oppressive and cruel ruler – Lost English lands to French King
Phillip II – Excommunicated by Pope Innocent
III
• Magna Carta (1215) – English nobles force John to sign this
to affirm their rights – Main Idea: No one, even the king, is
above the law
Evolving Traditions of English Government
• Development of Parliament – England’s legislature – Contains a House of Lords
and a House of Commons– Most important power =
power to approve taxes
Successful Monarchs in France
• The Capetians – Hugh Capet was chosen as
King of France in 987 – He increased the power of
the monarchy • Hereditary rule • Pitted nobles against each
other• Gained support of Church and
middle class• Established strong bureaucracy
Successful Monarchs in France
• Philip Augustus – Gave royal jobs to middle class members who
were paid – Expanded landholdings of the monarchy
• Louis IX – Model ruler – Made a saint
Successful Monarchs in France
• Philip IV– Clashed with Pope Boniface over taxing clergy– Arrested the pope – he later died– New pope was a Frenchman who moved the papacy
to Avignon
• The Estates General – Representative body from nobles, clergy, and
townspeople– Had less power than English Parliament
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