robert l. maxwell chair, special collections and formats catalog department harold b. lee library

RDA Records for Works and Expressions

3a. Conferencia Regional sobre CatalogaciónUniversidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí

28-30 de Marzo 2011

Robert L. MaxwellChair, Special Collections and Formats Catalog Department

Harold B. Lee LibraryBrigham Young University

Provo, Utah, U.S.A.

FRBR Primary Entities

• Work• Expression

• Manifestation• Item

RDA vs. AACR2

• AACR2 uniform title definition: “The particular title by which a work is to be identified for cataloguing purposes.”

• Not, however, in fact an identifier for a work. • AACR2 uniform title combines aspects of

work, expression, and sometimes even manifestation.

RDA vs. AACR2

AACR2 uniform title:Homer. Odyssey

– Represents the work Odyssey as well as all Greek expressions of the Odyssey, of which there are many.

RDA vs. AACR2RDA authorized access point for the work:

Homer. Odyssey– Represents the work Odyssey only, not the Greek

expressions

RDA authorized access point for a Greek expression:Homer. Odyssey. Greek (Monro and Allen)– Represents the Greek expression of the Odyssey

edited by David Monro and Thomas Allen

RDA vs. AACR2

AACR2 uniform title:Homer. Odyssey. Spanish

– Represents the all Spanish expressions (translations) of the Odyssey. There are many.

RDA vs. AACR2

RDA authorized access point for one of many Spanish expressions:Homer. Odyssey. Spanish (Alberich)

– Represents the Spanish translation of the Odyssey by Joan Alberich. There are dozens of other Spanish translations.

RDA vs. AACR2• Why is it important to be this precise?

– Because RDA is working toward an entity-relationship structure, and in this structure each work and each expression will have a separate description. If the database uses access points, each description will need to have a distinct access point.

– Even in the absence of an ER database, this precision will be helpful to our users.

Relaciones FRBR(Grupos 1-2)

Obra: Piedra de sol

Persona: Muriel Rukeyser

Persona: Octavio Paz

Expresión: 1. expresión inglés

Expresión: 1. expresión español

realizado mediante

traducido por

tiene traducción

creado por

RDA Toolkit

• Online tool: http://www.rdatoolkit.org/

• Username for this week: potosi

• Password for this week: rda

PCC Policies

• http://www.loc.gov/catdir/pcc/PCC-Post-RDA-Test.html– Original authority records may be RDA. Do not

change an RDA authority record to AACR2– Do not change AACR2 authority record to RDA

• RDA elements may be added to AACR2 records• RDA form of the heading may be added in 7XX field

– NACO records must still be English-language records

Coding Records for RDA

• Authority records– 008/10 (Rules) = “z”.– 040 contains $b eng and $e rda.

Core Elements in RDAIn addition to the list in 0.6, Core elements are identified

throughout RDA, as in this example.

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Organization of RDA (Attributes)

• Section 1 (Ch. 1-4) = Manifestation & Item• Section 2 (Ch. 5-7) = Work & Expression• Section 3 (Ch. 8-11) = Person, Family, &

Corporate Body• Section 4 (Ch. 12-16) = Concept, Object, Event,

& Place

Structure of the Attributes Chapters

• Structure of “attributes” chapters in RDA– Purpose and scope– General guidelines, including allowed sources– Guidelines for specific attributes– Guidelines for constructing access points (called

“headings” in AACR2)

Identifying Works and Expressions: Definition

5.1.2. The term work refers to a distinct intellectual or artistic creation (i.e., the intellectual or artistic content). The term expression refers to the intellectual or artistic realization of a work in the form of alpha-numeric, musical or choreographic notation, sound, image, object, movement, etc., or any combination of such forms. The terms work and expression should be read, where applicable, to include not only an individual entity, but also aggregates and components of such entities (i.e., the term work should be read to include aggregate works and components of works as well as individual works, etc).

Identifying Works and ExpressionsSources of Information

• Where can we get information about corporate bodies?– 6.1.1: Take the title or titles of the work from any

source. Take information on other identifying attributes of works and expressions from any source.

Attributes of Works: Title

• Preferred title is a core element• Preferred title

– Chosen according to 6.2.2.4: “For works created after 1500, choose as the preferred title the title in the original language by which the work has become known through use in resources embodying the work or in reference sources.”

Attributes of Works: Title

We find two possible titles for this work. Which would we choose as the preferred title?

Attributes of Works: Title

• The title is manipulated somewhat in RDA• The title is taken as found, but there are

special guidelines for capitalization, numbers, accents, etc.

• Capitalize according to Appendix A.• Record diacritical marks as found; optionally,

add missing marks such as accents• Omit initial articls

Attributes of Works: Title

Forms found for preferred title:Piedra de SolPIEDRA DE SOL

Manipulation of capitalization according to Appendix A:Piedra de sol

Attributes of Works: Title

• Changes from AACR2:– “Selections” not used alone as the preferred title

-- instead, “Works. Selections”– For simultaneous publications with different titles:

choice based on first resource received

Attributes of Works: Title

• Parts of works– Title element: 6.2.2.9– Access point: 6.27.2

• Compilations of works– Title element: 6.2.2.10– Access point: No specific instruction for

authorized access point, but see 6.27.4.4 (variant access point)

Attributes of Works: Author?

• Note that the author is not an attribute of the Work entity.

• Authors can be persons, families, or corporate bodies, and they are separate entities, related to the work entity--an author has a relationship with a work

• However, the access point will contain the name of the author, if there is one

Attributes of Works: Author?

6.27.1.2. If one person, family, or corporate body is responsible for creating the work, construct the authorized access point representing the work by combining (in this order):the authorized access point representing that

person, family, or corporate bodythe preferred title for the work

Attributes of Works: Author?

6.27.1.3. If two or more persons, families, or corporate bodies are collaboratively responsible for creating the work, construct the authorized access point representing the work by combining (in this order):the authorized access point representing the

person, family, or corporate body with principal responsibility for the work

the preferred title for the work

Attributes of Works: Author?

6.27.1.4. If the work is a compilation of works by different persons, families, or corporate bodies, construct the authorized access point representing the work using the preferred title for the compilation

[i.e., title alone without a person / family / corporate body name]

Work Authority RecordPiedra de sol

• We’ve discovered the form of the preferred title

Piedra de sol• In an earlier module we formulated the RDA

authorized access point for the authorPaz, Octavio (Paz Lozano), 1914-1998

• Exercise: begin creating an RDA authority record for this work.

Work Authority RecordPiedra de sol

• Authorized access point:

100 1 Paz, Octavio $q (Paz Lozano), $d 1914-1998. $t Piedra de sol

Attributes of Works: Form

• RDA 6.3. Form of work is core if needed to differentiate the name of a work from the name of another entity (another work, or the name of a person, family, or corporate body)

• It can be recorded as an element whether or not needed to distinguish

• Record in MARC 380 field• There is no controlled vocabulary

Work Authority RecordPiedra de sol

The form of this work is “poem”.

380 poem

Exercise: Add this to the authority record.

Attributes of Works: Date• RDA 6.4. Date is defined as the earliest date

associated with a work. Lacking other evidence, the date of the first publication may be used

• Date is core only if needed to differentiate between a work and other entities with the same name.

• The element may be recorded whether needed to distinguish or not.

• Date is recorded in MARC 046– Beginning date or single date = $k– Ending date = $l

Work Authority RecordPiedra de sol

This work was first published in 1957. The cataloger has no other information about the date of the work.

046 $k 1957

Exercise: add this field to the RDA authority record.

Attributes of Works: Place of Origin

• RDA 6.5. Place of origin of the work is the country or other territorial jurisdiction from which a work originated.

• Information may be taken from any source.• Place of origin is core if needed to differentiate.• Whether core or not, the element may be recorded.• Place of origin is recorded in MARC 370 field $g

Recording the Place Attribute• The form of the place name is governed by RDA

Chapter 16.• Authorized access points for jurisdictional place

names are generally formed as in AACR2, e.g. “Paris (France)” However:

• 16.2.2.4. “If the place name is being used to record ... the place of origin of a work ... precede the name of the larger place by a comma.” -- e.g. “Paris, France”

Recording the Place Attribute

• 6.5.1.3 instructs us to follow chapter 16, including abbreviations; chapter 16 refers us to Appendix B.

• B.11 is similar to the place names abbreviations list in AACR2

• So when recording this attribute for a person, use, e.g., “U.S.”, not “United States.”

Recording the Place Attribute

370 $g London, England [place of origin of work]370 $g Mexico City, Mexico [place of origin of work]370 $g Austin, Tex. [place of origin of work]370 $g D.C. [place of origin of work]370 $g U.S. [place of origin of work]

Work Authority RecordPiedra de sol

The cataloger only knows that the place of origin of Piedra de sol is Mexico.

This place is established as Mexico

370 $g Mexico

Exercise: Record place of origin in the authority record

Attributes of Works: Other Distinguishing Characteristics

• 6.6. A characteristic that serves to differentiate the name of a work from another entity with the same name

• Called a qualifier in AACR2• Core if needed to differentiate• May be recorded in MARC 381, whether

needed to distinguish or not

Attributes of Works:Other RDA Elements

• 6.7. History of the Work. Recorded in MARC 678

• 6.8. Identifier. Core element; LCCN, recorded in 010

• Musical works: RDA 6.14-6.18• Legal works: RDA 6.19-6.22• Religious works: RDA 6.26

Bible Access Points• O.T. and N.T. are no longer abbreviated. “Old Testament” and

“New Testament” will be used.• Individual books are no longer grouped under a testament.

130 0 $a Bible. $p New Testament. $l Albanian. $s Tosk. $f 1910not130 0 $a Bible. $p N.T. $l Albanian. $s Tosk. $f 1910

130 0 $a Bible. $p Leviticus. $l English. $s Driver-White. $f 1898not130 0 $a Bible. $p O.T. $p Leviticus. $l English. $s Driver-White. $f 1898

Bible access points

AACR2Bible. O.T. Genesis ...Bible. O.T. Pentateuch ...Bible. N.T. Mark ...Bible. N.T. Pastoral

Epistles ...Bible. N.T. ...

RDABible. Genesis ...Bible. Pentateuch ...Bible. Mark ...Bible. Pastoral Epistles ...Bible. New Testament ...

[used only for the entire New Testament, not individual books]

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Attributes of Expressions:Title?

• Title is not considered an attribute of an expression in RDA, so there is no expression title element guideline.

• The authorized access point for an expression is created by adding things to the authorized access point for a work.

Attributes of Expressions:Language

• One of the most important attributes of an expression is its language

• RDA 6.11. “Record the language or languages of the expression using an appropriate term or terms in the language preferred by the agency creating the data.”

• Currently no discrete MARC field to record language of expression; 377 is only authorized for persons and corporate bodies.

• Can only be recorded as part of an access point in $l.

Attributes of Expressions:Language

• 6.11. Language of expression is a core element when needed to differentiate an expression of a work from another expression of the same work.

• This means that as soon as there is more than one expression of a work, this element must be recorded in the record and access point

Expression Authority RecordPiedra de sol

Bilingual edition, English & Spanish. How many expressions?

Expression Authority RecordPiedra de sol

Two access points and two expression authority records are needed because there are two expressions

Expression Authority RecordPiedra de sol

Base the expression authorized access point on the Work access point. Because language is core when there are more than one expression, it must be added to each

Expression Authority RecordPiedra de sol

Access point recorded in authority record no. 1100 1 Paz, Octavio $q (Paz Lozano), $d 1914-

1998. $t Piedra de sol. $l SpanishAccess point recorded in authority record no. 2100 1 Paz, Octavio $q (Paz Lozano), $d 1914-

1998. $t Piedra de sol. $l English [...]Both access points will be recorded in the

bibliographic record.

Attributes of Expressions: Other Distinguishing Characteristic

6.12. “Other distinguishing characteristic of the expression is a characteristic other than content type, language of expression, or date of expression that serves to differentiate an expression from another expression of the same work”

Attributes of Expressions:Other Distinguishing Characteristic• 6.11. Other distinguishing characteristic of the

expression is a core element when needed to differentiate an expression of a work from another expression of the same work.

• This means that as soon as there is more than one expression of a work in the same language, this element must be recorded in the record and access point

Attributes of Expressions:Other Distinguishing Characteristic• Use whatever distinguishes the expressions

best. – the surname of an editor or translator– the name of a version– the name of the publisher– etc. ...

• If it makes more sense, the date of the expression can be used to distinguish instead (RDA 6.10)

Attributes of Expressions:Other Distinguishing Characteristic• RDA 6.12.1.3. “Record other distinguishing

characteristics of the expression.”• Currently no discrete MARC field to record

other distinguishing characteristics.• Can only be recorded as part of an access

point. Record at the end of the access point, in parentheses, in $s.

Expression Authority RecordPiedra de sol

There is only one Spanish expression, so there is no need to further distinguish its access point.

There are at least three English translations of the poem. The most logical way to distinguish is by the name of the translator.

Access point recorded in authority record no. 2100 1 Paz, Octavio $q (Paz Lozano), $d 1914-

1998. $t Piedra de sol. $l English $s (Rukeyser)

Attributes of Expressions:Date of Expression

6.10. If it makes sense, the date of the expression can be used to distinguish between expressions rather than (or in addition to) an other distinguishing characteristic

Blade runner (Motion picture : 1992)

Attributes of Expressions:Date of Expression

• 6.10.1.1. In the absence of other evidence, the date of the earliest manifestation embodying the expression may be treated as the date of expression.

• Date of expression can be recorded as a separate element in 046, whether or not it is needed to distinguish– Beginning or single date created: 046 $k– Ending date created: 046 $l

Expression Authority RecordPiedra de sol

• The Rukeyser translation of Piedra de sol was first published in 1957.

• The Spanish expression was also first published in 1957.

• Each expression authority record may contain:046 $k 1957

Exercise: Record the date of expression element in the authority records

Attributes of Expressions: Content Type

• 6.9. Content type is a categorization reflecting the fundamental form of communication in which the content is expressed and the human sense through which it is intended to be perceived.

• Terms are from a controlled vocabulary listed in 6.9.1.3, Table 6.1

• Content type is recorded in MARC 336

Workshop Brainstorm:Spanish terms?

Workshop Brainstorm:Spanish terms?

Workshop Brainstorm:Spanish terms?

Workshop Brainstorm:Spanish terms?

Expression Authority RecordPiedra de sol

• The content type of the two expressions of Piedra de sol is text.

336 text

Exercise: Record the content type in the authority records for the expressions

Source Consulted

• RDA 8.12.1.3. Cite sources used to determine a preferred or variant name, followed by a brief statement of the information found. Identify the specific location within the source where the information was found.

• RDA reflects NACO practice. Sources consulted are recorded in MARC 670 fields.

RDA authority record core and non-core: work record

040 UPB $b eng $c UPB $e rda046 $k 1957100 1 Paz, Octavio $q (Paz Lozano), $d 1914-1998. $t Piedra de sol370 $g Mexico380 poem670 Piedra de sol, 1957

RDA authority record core and non-core: expression record

040 UPB $b eng $c UPB $e rda046 $k 1957100 1 Paz, Octavio $q (Paz Lozano), $d 1914-1998. $t Piedra de sol. $l Spanish336 text 670 Piedra de sol, 1957670 Sunstone = Piedra de sol, 1957

RDA authority record core and non-core: expression record

040 UPB $b eng $c UPB $e rda046 $k 1957100 1 Paz, Octavio $q (Paz Lozano), $d 1914-1998. $t Piedra de sol. $l English $s (Rukeyser)336 text 400 1 Paz, Octavio $q (Paz Lozano), $d 1914-1998. $t Sun stone670 Piedra de sol, 1957670 Sun stone = Piedra de sol, 1957

Adding RDA Elements to NACO Records

• All these elements may be added to any NACO authority record.

• If the record is coded AACR2, it must remain AACR2 and the heading and variants are formed according to AACR2.

• Add RDA elements as desired• Optionally, add RDA form in 7XX

Exercises

• Together, update the NACO authority record for the English & Spanish translation of Piedra de sol, RDA forms in two 700 fields

• Create new record for the work (because of PCC policy, record must be AACR2, but with RDA elements

• Update or add NACO authority records for works/expressions workshop participants have brought

RDA Records for Works and Expressions

Gracias!

Robert L. Maxwellrobert_maxwell@byu.edu