rman - from the basics to the cloud
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8/10/2019 RMAN - From the Basics to the Cloud
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Simon Pane
First4 Database PartnersSimon.Pane@first4db.com
May 19, 2011
mailto:Simon.Pane@first4db.commailto:Simon.Pane@first4db.com -
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Now more powerful yet simpler to use More compatible than ever:
Handles Data De-duplication (i.e. DataDomain) Handles disk snapshots/mirror splits (i.e. NetApp)
ASM (RAC or Grid Infrastructure) Backups themselves are smaller:
Unused blocks, tempfiles, possibly read-onlytablespaces, etc are skipped
Block level restores Compressed backups Encrypted backups for additional protection
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Possibly misses things: New tablespaces
Control files after changes
Possibly includes things it shouldnt Online redo logs do you back those up or not?
Requires tablespaces to be put into hot-backup mode (if youre doing it right)
Shell scripting failures:# Clean out the last backuprm -rf $LAST_BACKUP_FILE_BASE
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The RMAN executable is just a CLI Work is all done by DBMS_BACKUP_RESTORE
Hence can run client/server (like SQLPlus)
RMAN CLI can also do Startup/Shutdown commands
SQL commands via SQL syntax
Does not provide any feedback/output
Not recommended use SQLPlus instead
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Persistent configuration settings are stored inthe control files
Also visible through dynamic performance
views: v$rman_configuration
Query through SQL statements or make a GC report
History also kept in the control files Increase CONTROL_FILE_RECORD_KEEP_TIME
Defaults to 7 days
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Not really a one-to-one correlation ofdatabase files Can be depends on how RMAN is configured
(File copies are also possible)
Think of them like ZIP files Datafiles may be in spread among backup pieces
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FILE_NAME
---------------1.txt
2.txt
cmdb_login.sql
connecttest.sql
norun.sql
nosysdba.sqloraexecute.txt
pat_list.txt
privs.sql
runit.cmd
temp.sql
tns.txttnsnames.ora
tns_orig.txt
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backup[as compressed backupset] [check logical][full] database[force]
[include current controlfile]
[format '$Backup_Base/%d_FULL_%I_%T_%s_%p.bak'] tag['$RMAN_tag']
[plus archivelog][format '$Backup_Base/%d_ARCH_%I_%T_%s_%p.bak'] tag['$RMAN_tag']
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delete[noprompt]backup;
delete [noprompt] obsolete redundancy 2;
delete [noprompt] obsolete recovery window of 7 days;
delete[noprompt] archivelog all;
delete [noprompt] archivelog all backed up 1 times todisk;
delete [noprompt] expired backup of tablespace SYSTEMcompleted before 'SYSDATE-14';
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list backup summary;list backup by file;list backup;list expired backup;list backup of tablespace SYSTEM;list backup of datafile 3;list archivelog all;
list backup of archivelog all;
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report need backup days = 1;
report need backup redundancy = 2;
report unrecoverable;
report obsolete;
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CROSSCHECK Check if what RMAN thinks is there is still actually
there
CATALOG Let RMAN know about new backup pieces or file copiesits currently not aware of Dont confuse the catalog command with the Repository
Catalog theyre not related
Examples: crosscheck backup; catalog start with /tmp/restored/;
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Usually theres no need to manually managechannels (parallelism) anymore in runblocks: Usually configuring a default parallelism of 4
channels is optimal
Use Simple Commands I rarely ever use run blocks
Don't panic about the catalog Use it if its there, dont if its not
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Always include the controlfile autobackups
Give pieces meaningful names
Must restore from the same location -> use asymbolic link (even for the FRA) for all backups
Example: ln s /u01/oracle/backups/PRD1/hot /database_backups
backup full database format /database_backups//%d_%I_%T_%s_%p.bak';
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Regardless of whether youre restoring onto arebuilt/replaced machine or a copy on a testserver, the directories must be the same
Backup to: /u03/orabackups/PRD1
Restore from: /u01/orabackups/PRD1
Backup to: D:\ORA_BACKUPS\PRD1 Restore from: E:\ORA_BACKUPS\PRD1
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Can have one or many highest release version I consider it a "nice to have"
Does not require a separate license Search "Infrastructure Repository Databases" (E10594-11)
http://download.oracle.com/docs/cd/E11882_01/license.112/e10594/editions.htm#CJAHFHBJ
If it's not there, it will resync automatically thenext time
To move, just re-REGISTER (new 11g IMPORTcommand)
http://download.oracle.com/docs/cd/E11882_01/license.112/e10594/editions.htmhttp://download.oracle.com/docs/cd/E11882_01/license.112/e10594/editions.htmhttp://download.oracle.com/docs/cd/E11882_01/license.112/e10594/editions.htmhttp://download.oracle.com/docs/cd/E11882_01/license.112/e10594/editions.htm -
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Useful when you have a very smallenvironment
Remember, the catalog is simply an OracleSchema (for backup history)
PROD1 TEST1
Catalog Into
Catalog Into
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Catalog expires them when removed Details are lost when they become expired
Should be doing DELETE EXPIRED
Keep a long term history yourself Sometimes needed for auditor reporting
Makes it easier to pull old files from tape
Use a trigger or Scheduler Job to populate
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Oracle 10g Must have the backup pieces written to a shared
location or copy them manually if duplicating to adifferent machine
DUPLICATE TARGET DATABASE TO TEST1;
Oracle 11g New FROM ACTIVE DATABASE clause
Not as easy to restart if interrupted Uses file copies so doesnt take into account
compression and backup optimization
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Old DBID information is still present in: Statspack Data
Automatic Workload Repository
Feature Usage Views
High Water Mark Views
Cleanup if desired: dbms_swrf_internal.unregister_database
wri$_dbu_usage_samplewri$_dbu_feature_usage
wri$_dbu_high_water_mark
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Even if the password is well known orhardcoded in scripts, encryption can provideoff site/vendor protection
set encryption on identified bypasswd only;
backup full database;
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Ill argue that cloud services are safe and reliable But upload bandwidth can be an issue
Simple Approach: backup to disk and thenupload using a commercial tool: Mozy, Carbonite, BackBlaze, etc.
Amazon Web Service (AWS) Integration: The Oracle Secure Backup (OSB) Cloud Module allows for
RMAN backups to be written directly to the AmazonSimple Storage Service (S3)
The OSB Cloud Module appears in RMAN as a tape device
Check with Oracle regarding OSB licensing requirements
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Main download page: http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/topics/cloud/down
loads/index.html
Readme: http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/topics/cloud/osbw
s-readme-083624.html Download the library:
http://rman.s3.amazonaws.com/osbws_install.jar
Install JAR file into Oracle Home
In RMAN Configure SBT channel device specifying the library
options Perform backup
http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/topics/cloud/downloads/index.htmlhttp://www.oracle.com/technetwork/topics/cloud/downloads/index.htmlhttp://www.oracle.com/technetwork/topics/cloud/osbws-readme-083624.htmlhttp://www.oracle.com/technetwork/topics/cloud/osbws-readme-083624.htmlhttp://rman.s3.amazonaws.com/osbws_install.jarhttp://rman.s3.amazonaws.com/osbws_install.jarhttp://www.oracle.com/technetwork/topics/cloud/osbws-readme-083624.htmlhttp://www.oracle.com/technetwork/topics/cloud/osbws-readme-083624.htmlhttp://www.oracle.com/technetwork/topics/cloud/osbws-readme-083624.htmlhttp://www.oracle.com/technetwork/topics/cloud/osbws-readme-083624.htmlhttp://www.oracle.com/technetwork/topics/cloud/osbws-readme-083624.htmlhttp://www.oracle.com/technetwork/topics/cloud/osbws-readme-083624.htmlhttp://www.oracle.com/technetwork/topics/cloud/downloads/index.htmlhttp://www.oracle.com/technetwork/topics/cloud/downloads/index.html -
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Catalog saved scripts Makes the Catalog more important!!
Tablespace Point In Time Recovery (TSPITR)
Schedule the RMAN backups from within theDatabase!
Use the Oracle Scheduler to call the RMAN APIs oran external OS script
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Password files OraInventory and oraInst.loc Networking files:
sqlnet.ora tnsnames.ora ldap.ora listener.ora
Oratab file Startup/Shutdown scripts:
/etc/inittab, /etc/init.d/dbora
CRS/CSS/ HAS files
OCR/OLR files backups and /etc/oracle/ files
ASM Instances (metadata)
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Keep your commands/scripts handy Cant remember all of the commands
Practice in a test environment regularly
Review the new features in each major releaseand adjust your strategy accordingly
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Simon.Pane@first4db.com
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