richard i the lionheart

King Richard I

“The Lionheart”

“The Absent King”

“Coeur de Lion”

Birth• Birthday: September

8th, 1157 AD • Born in Oxfordshire,

England• Native language was

French because of his mother.

• Had four brothers and three sisters.

• Son of King Henry II and Eleanor of Aquitaine.

Early Years

• At only 12 years of age Richard pledged homage to the King of France in return for land.

• At the church of St. Hillaire at Poitiers, at 14 years old, Richard was named Duke of Aquitaine.

Church where Richard I was named Duke of Aquitaine.

Early Years cont.

• Because the lack of power given to them, King Henry’s sons rebelled against their father.

• In retaliation King Henry imprisoned their mother, Eleanor.

• At the age 16 Richard began leading soldiers against his father’s men in France.

Heir to a Throne• In 1883 Richard’s elder

brother Henry (not the King) died, leaving Richard as heir to the throne of England.

• Richard was expected to give up Aquitaine to his younger brother John, who had inherited no land from their father, but he refused.

Crusades

• In 1187 the Christians lost Jerusalem to the forces of Muslim leader Saladin.

• When Richard heard the news he joined the Crusades, to the staunch opposition of his father.

Crowned• Henry II died in 1189.• Richard I was crowned

King of England at Westminster Abbey in London.

• Richard freed his mother from Prison.

• He began charging his subjects with a “Saladin” tithe the gather funding for his war.

Crusades (part 2)

• Richard and his allies took Acre. • Richard lost his allies and was unable to

take Jerusalem, but he was able to negotiate a treaty that allowed the safe and free passage of Christian pilgrims.

Political Policy• During the duration

of his 10 year reign Richard only spent six months in England.

• Due to this he put ministers in charge of running the state.

• Earned him the nickname “The Absent King”

Marriage

• Married Berengaria of Navarre on Cyprus in 1191.

• She was that eldest daughter of Sancho VI of Navarre and Sancha of Castile.

Death

• King Richard died on April 6th, 1199.• Suffered an arrow wound to the

shoulder and refused treatment. The wound festered and he died of infection.

Sources• "AQUITAINE regionalinformation and Tourist Attractions." Aquitaine Regional Information and Tourist

Attractions.About-France.com. N.p., n.d. Web. 14 Nov. 2012. <http://about-france.com/regions/aquitaine.htm>.• "Confessions of a Ci-Devant." : The House of Plantagenet: A Genealogy. N.p., n.d. Web. 14 Nov. 2012. 

<http://garethrussellcidevant.blogspot.com/2010/11/house-of-plantagenet-genealogy.html>.• "Confessions of a Ci-Devant." : The House of Plantagenet: A Genealogy. N.p., n.d. Web. 14 Nov. 2012. 

<http://garethrussellcidevant.blogspot.com/2010/11/house-of-plantagenet-genealogy.html>.• "Eleanor of Aquitaine." Europe in the High Middle Ages. N.p., n.d. Web. 14 Nov. 2012. 

<http://hist2615.wikispaces.com/Eleanor%20of%20Aquitaine%2C%20Queen%20of%20England%20and%20France>.

• "Grey Lion Clip Art." - Vector Clip Art Online, Royalty Free & Public Domain. N.p., n.d. Web. 14 Nov. 2012. <http://www.clker.com/clipart-grey-lion.html>.

• "Hdultimatehistory." Hdultimatehistory. N.p., n.d. Web. 14 Nov. 2012. <http://hdultimatehistory.wordpress.com/>.• "Person Page - 55." Banks/Dean Genealogy. N.p., n.d. Web. 14 Nov. 2012. 

<http://www.gordonbanks.com/gordon/family/2nd_Site/geb-p/p55.htm>.• "Richard I Lion Heart Plantagenet in Sicily 1190 - Best of Sicily Magazine." Richard I Lion Heart Plantagenet in Sicily

1190 - Best of Sicily Magazine. N.p., n.d. Web. 14 Nov. 2012. <http://www.bestofsicily.com/mag/art373.htm>.• "St-Hilaire-le-Grand, Poitiers  ." St-Hilaire-le-Grand. N.p., n.d. Web. 14 Nov. 2012. <http://www.sacred-

destinations.com/france/poitiers-st-hilaire-le-grand>.• "Templarhistory.com Â» Blog Archive Â» King Richard I â The Lionheart." �� Templarhistory.com » Blog Archive »

King Richard I â The Lionheart�� . N.p., n.d. Web. 14 Nov. 2012. <http://blog.templarhistory.com/2010/03/king-richard-i-the-lionheart/>.

• "Westminster Abbey: Nave." Encyclopedia Britannica Online. Encyclopedia Britannica, n.d. Web. 14 Nov. 2012. <http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/media/17479/The-nave-Westminster-Abbey-London>.