rich user interaction with svg

Prepared for a course given during Spring 2009 semester at EPFL

ContactEPFL / IC / IIG / GR-VABâtiment BCStation 141015 Lausanne

Tel: +41 21 693 25 75

TeamChristine VANOIRBEEK

Stéphane SIREMathieu TAGGIASCOMartin VESELY

XML based user interaction through

Rich Interfaces- SVG -

MULTIMEDIA DOCUMENT

Stéphane Sire (speaking)

PLAN

• Part 1– Rich User Interaction Style

• Part 2– Iterative Design and supportive technologies

• Part 3– SVG and alike

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MEDIA Research Group Spring 2009

PART 1

Rich User Interaction Style

EVOLUTION OF USER GRAPHICAL INTERACTION STYLES

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Desktop Web Mobile

Command Line

Direct (1983)Manipulation

Point & Click(hypertext)

HTML Forms

WAP

Rich User Interaction

WIMP

Rich Desktop Application (RDA)

Rich Internet Application (RIA)

iPhone and alike (touch based)

CHARACTERISTICS OF RICH USER INTERACTION

• Better Graphics• Extensive use of Animations • Creative layout models• Borrowings from other interaction styles• Better feedback times (AJAX)

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A new vocabulary for design

BETTER GRAPHICS (1)

• Layers– Painter's model of rendering– Compositing operators

• (Porter & Duff)– Clipping and masking

• Applications– Layout based on layers (see later)– Non rectangular windows

• Objects with holes– Layer's effects

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Source: Digistrip (CENA)

BETTER GRAPHICS (2)

• Color models– Alpha channel (RGBA)– Gradient colors– Texture filling

• Applications– Light and shadows effects– Glossy effect– Reflection (cow.neondragon.net/stuff/reflection/)

– etc

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BETTER GRAPHICS (3)

• Shapes & lines– Stroke styles

• Joints• extremities

– Bézier paths• Very efficient algorithm to draw it (De Casteljeau algorithm)

• Applications– Rounded shapes

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BETTER GRAPHICS (4)

• Pixel Effects– Anti-aliasing

– Filters (blur, bump mapping, etc.)

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Source www.corzo.com

Source www.treebuilder.de

EXTENSIVE USE OF ANIMATIONS

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User's guidance

System state change

Visual state transition

Source www.joehewitt.com/iui/samples/music.html Source www.lemonde.fr(choose Journal Electronique)

Source www.panic.com/goods/

ANIMATION TRICKS

• "Exageration"

• Pace• Application: Kinetic Scrolling (video on youTube)

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Author's made movie from www.laredoute.fr

Author's made movie from www.youarethemodel.com

NEW LAYOUT MODELS (1)

• Layered information

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Source www.laredoute.fr Source www.natoora.com

Source maps.google.com

NEW LAYOUT MODELS (2)

• Contraction/dilatation– Accordion

• Continuous surfaces– Linear (ribbon) : www.gucci.com or www.christofle.com

– Two dimensions : www.goruneasy.com

– Unconventional : www.etsy.com (cf. Explore)

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Source www.goruneasy.com Source www.yomiuri.co.jp (site design has changed)

NEW LAYOUT MODELS (3)

• Fixed layout + Animation– Scrolling Ribbon

• more information with constant space within the page

• Layers + Animation– Drawer windows– Docks

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Source www.tf1.fr

BORROWINGS FROM OTHER STYLES

• Direct manipulation– Drag & drop but still marginal

• Post-WIMP techniques– Bifocal menus

• Video-games– Rotative menus

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Source www.amazon.com

Source www.wat.tv

BETTER FEEDBACK TIMES WITH AJAX

• No more page reload and full page refresh– Increase reactivity– Requires special tricks to get user's attention

• Applications– Auto-suggestion input field (see Google Autosuggest)

– Dynamical queries• allows some forms with no "Submit" button

• or allows to pre-filter results before submitting

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Sourcewww.trivop.com

Sourcewww.darty.com/nav/achat/telephonie/telephonie_mobile/telephone_portable/guide.html(site design has changed)

RICH USER INTERACTION (SUMMARY)

• Graphical design– To increase intuitivity– To create emotions– Emotions increase perceived usability

• See Don Norman last book "Emotional Design"

• Requires multi-disciplinary teams – User experience (interaction) designer– Visual designer, Motion designer– Developers– etc

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(video on youTube)

MEDIA Research Group Spring 2009

PART 2

Iterative Design and Supportive

Technologies

PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT PROCESS

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Reprinted from "Sketching User Experiences" (Buxton, 2007)

ITERATIVE DESIGN

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CLOSE TO AGILE SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT

• Agile Manigesto (source agilemanifesto.org)– Individuals and interactions over processes and tools – Working software over comprehensive documentation – Customer collaboration over contract negotiation – Responding to change over following a plan

• See also Extreme Programming• Web version

– the permanent Beta

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EXAMPLES

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Source: Nielsen

Source: Hiser

Source: Alex Poole

CLASSICAL DEVELOPMENT CYCLE

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Users

SketchesStoryboardWireframesIA diagrams

Pro

gram

me

rs

Interaction,Visual,Motion,…Designers

ExecutableCode

BrowserPluginRuntime Env.

Feedback loop

How to increase the number of iterations ?

MODEL DRIVEN DEVELOPMENT CYCLE

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Users

SketchesStoryboardWireframesIA diagrams Programmers

Interaction,Visual,Motion,…Designers

Graphical modelsAnimation modelsOther models…

XML

Browser, PluginRuntime Env.

Executable code

HOW TO EDIT A MODEL ?

• Specialized editors – Example for graphics: Adobe illustrator

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SVG File

A SHORT EXAMPLE

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Interaction Designer

Visual Designer

Programmer:+ Javascript

Graphical ModelFile(s)

Example from Adobe dev web site

ADDING MORE MODELS….

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Interaction Designer

Visual Designer

Graphical Model

Behavior Modelling with State Machines

Finite State Machine Models

MODEL DRIVEN SUMMARY

• Models– Specialized editors– Easy to move from

one platform to another

• Code– Programming skills– Hard to maintain– Less portable

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Models

Models(XML)

CodeCode

MEDIA Research Group Spring 2009

PART 3

Web Standards for Graphical Design:

SVG and alike

W3C STANDARDS (1)

• Mainly "Models" – XML based languages– From "Draft" to "Recommendation" status– Models both for output and input modalities– HTML, XHTML, XForms, SMIL, MathML, VoiceXML, SCXML, InkML,

EMMA, …, and SVG• Some "Code" too

– Application Programming Interfaces (APIs)– DOM (3 levels)

• API for manipulating models loaded into memory as trees• Many more APIs (events, load and save, progression, etc.)

– XMLHttpRequest• Ajax programming

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WEB STANDARDS AND MDA

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Markup Only

Code Behind

Markup Behind Code Only

XML

XML

ImperativeProg. Lang.

Imperative Prog. Lang.

Definition of Interactive ComponentsInstantiation

of Intera

ctive C

omp

one

nts

Today Web applications

Future of applications

Today Desktop applications

W3C AND RICH USER INTERACTION

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(*) simplified with specialized toolkits (scriptaculous, jQuery, etc)

Characteristics Standard solution

Better graphics SVG or CSS3 (with HTML)

Animation SMIL/SVG animation module

DOM Manipulation with Javascript(*)

Creative layout SVG or CSS (with HTML)

DOM Manipulation with Javascript(*)

Better feedback time XMLHttpRequest

Cross domain XHR

Borrowing from other styles All of the above

SVG HISTORY

• Scalable Vector Graphic• Started in 1998• 1st draft: February 1999• SVG 1.1 recommendation 2003

– http://www.w3.org/TR/SVG11/

• SVG 1.2 Tiny candidate recommendation 2006– http://www.w3.org/TR/SVGMobile12/– SVG 1.2 Full to come later

• Working Group with main software editors– Sun, Adobe, Apple, Microsoft, Corel, Ilog, HP, Canon, Autodesk, etc.

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SVG VS. FLASH

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Property SWF SVG

XML - Std W3C No Yes

Metadata Yes, propietary Yes, RDF compatible

Format Binary Text

Size < SVG > SWF : but can be compressed with gzip

by about 80% (*)

Runtime Plugin (200K) Native (Opera, Safari, Firefox, …)

Source No Yes (text is searchable and selectable)

Audio/Video Yes Yes (SVG 1.2 Tiny)

(*) see http://www.w3.org/TR/SVG/minimize.html

AUTHORING TOOLS

• Graphical Editors– Sodipodi, Illustrator, Corel Draw, OmniGraffle Pro, …

• Specialized Editors– Ikivo Animator : animations

• Automatic generation – Client-side Javascript generation

• Example from http://www.destatis.de/

– Client or server size XSLT generation• demo from www.treebuilder.de/default.asp?file=250484.xml

• Automatic conversion from/to other formats– From MathML, AutoCAD, Visio, etc.– To PDF, PNG, etc.

• Manual authoring :)

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PLAYERS

• Adobe to stop its plugin support in 2009…– Adobe is switching to Flash/AIR

• … but becoming native in Web browsers– Opera, Safari, Firefox, …– open source rendering libraries (Cairo)

• Not directly available in IE…– Microsoft is switching to XAML/WVG with silverlight plugin

• Standalone players– Batik (Java) - contains a useful utility to generate SVG fonts

• SVG Tiny 1.2 on mobile phones– www.bitflash.com/mobile_primer.html– www.ikivo.com/02player_svg.html– And more…

• See list of implementations www.svgi.org/

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DRAWING BASIC SHAPES

• Shapes– Rectangles <rect> – Cercles <circle>– Ellipses <ellipse> – Lines <line>– Polylines <polyline>– Polygons <polygon> – Text <text>

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• Attributes– x, y, width, height, rx, ry– fill, stroke, stroke-

linecap, stroke-linejoin, stroke-miterlimit, stroke-width, …

– opacity, stroke-opacity, fill-opacity

– ...

<rect x="200" y="300" width="90" height="40” fill="lime" stroke="blue" stroke-linejoin="bevel" stroke-width="3"/>

DRAWING ARBITRARY SHAPES

• Path <path d="path data" >– outline of a shape which can be filled, stroked, used as a clipping path – defined by connected lignes, arcs and curves.

• Base attribute– "path data" : complex vocabulary – "," and EOL are allowed in "path data", spaces are optional between a

command and a number (to compress data)

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<path d="M 100 100 L 300 100 L 200 300 z"

fill="red" stroke="blue" stroke-width="1" />

PATH DATA VOCABULARY• Each command is named by a letter (M: moveto L: lineto, etc.) followed by a

coordinate, either– Absolute if capital (e.g. "M")– Relative to the previous point if lowercase (e.g. "m")

• M and m:– Move the point to the given coordinate– Create a new sub-path starting at the origin– Syntax: M|m (x y) (x y)*– The second group (x y)* is interpreted as lineto commands– Ex: M100 100 200 200

• L and l:– Draw a line from the current point to the given coordinate and draw lines between

subsequent given points– Syntax: L|l (x y) (x y)*

• H and h (V and v):– Draw a horizontal line (vertical) from the current point to the current point incremented with

the given number– Syntax: H|h (x) et V|v (y)

• Z and z:– Close current subpath with the last point defined with M|m

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M 100,100

L 200, 200

x

Cur point

MORE PATH DATA VOCABULARY

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Command Args (can be repeated)+ Description

A, a rx ry x-axis-rotation direction sweep x y

Elliptical arc

C, c x1 y1 x2 y2 x y Cubic Bézier curve from current point to x y with control points x1 y2 and x2 y2

S, s x2 y2 x y Cubic Bézier curve with control point as the reflection of the reflection of second control point of a C, c command

Q, q x1 y1 x y Quadratic Bézier curve from current point to x y with control point x1 y1

T, t x y Quadratic Bézier curve with control point as the reflection of previous control point of a Q, q command

See details on http://www.w3.org/TR/SVG/paths.html

DEFINING REUSABLE GRAPHICAL COMPONENTS

• Definition of a component– Group element: <g id="name">– Container element for grouping graphics elements– Can be nested– Its attributes are inherited by its descendants

• Instantiation of a component– <use xlink:href="#name"/>

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<g id="shape" stroke="blue"> <path width="1cm" d="M 0 50 35 25 70 50 Z" stroke-width="0.1cm" fill="none"/> <rect x="10" y="50" width="50" height="1cm" stroke-width="0.1cm"/> </g><use xlink:href="#shape" x="140" y="20"/><use xlink:href="#shape" x="70" y="60"/>

DECLARING GRAPHICAL COMPONENTS WITHOUT DRAWING THEM

• Everything that appears in a <defs> section will not be drawn– It will be available to be reused in other parts– This is a way to group resources (at the beginning of the file)

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<defs> <g id="shape" stroke="blue"> <path width="1cm" d="M 0 50 35 25 70 50 Z" stroke-width="0.1cm" fill="none"/> <rect x="10" y="50" width="50" height="1cm" stroke-width="0.1cm"/> </g></defs><use xlink:href="#shape" x="140" y="20"/><use xlink:href="#shape" x="70" y="60"/>

POSITIONING GRAPHICS

• Most elements can be positioned with x and y within their parent container

• Groups <g> are also used to apply transformations– <g transform="translate(x,y)">– Other transformations include rotate, skewX|Y, scale and matrix– This is equivalent to associating a transformation matrix with each group

<g> (and to redefine a new coordinate system for the descendants)• Transformation are cumulative in nested groups

– Current transformation matrix at each <g>– Obtained as the product of all transformation matrices up to the parent

<g>

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<g transform="rotate(20, 200, 300)"> <rect x="200" y="300" width="90" height="40" fill="lime" stroke="blue" stroke-width="3"/></g>

PAINTING AND COLORING

• Colors applies with different attributes to– Strokes (attribute "stroke")– Shapes interior (attribute "fill")

• Colors are rendered by a paint server– The attribute URI reference selects a paint server– Solid colors (e.g. "orange" or "#50A619")– Gradients or Patterns (e.g. "url(#myGradient)")

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<defs> <linearGradient id="Gradient01"> <stop offset="20%" stop-color="#39F" /> <stop offset="90%" stop-color="#F3F" /> </linearGradient> </defs><rect x="200" y="300" width="90" height="40” fill="url(#Gradient01)" stroke="blue” stroke-width="3"/>

CLIPPING

• clipPath element– any path, text or basic

shape– defines an outline with

inside/outside

• clip-path attribute– attach clipPath to an

element

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Clip layerNot visible

Contentlayer

Result

<clipPath id="visContent"> <text x="0" y="80" font-family="Verdana" font-size="70" fill="blue" >Media</text> </clipPath> <g clip-path="url(#visContent)"> <rect x="0" y="0" width="200" height="100" fill="url(#grad)"/> </g>

MASKING

• Masking– Attribute

• mask="url(#mask)"– Draw #mask in an offscreen

buffer– Convert it to gray level

image– Composite with the masked

layer

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Layer1

Layer2Masked by Layer3

Result

Layer3MaskNot visible

<g mask="url(#Mask)"> <use xlink:href="#logo" transform="scale(1 -1"/></g>

ANIMATING GRAPHICS (1)

• Each graphical attribute can be animated– animate element– Animation description based on SMIL2 (Synchronized Multimedia

Integration Language level 2), W3C: http://www.w3.org/TR/smil20/

• Animation describing– Trajectory

• Attribute value variation

– Pace• Time variation to produce effects such as slow-in

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<rect x="10" y="10" width="200" height="20"> <animate attributeName="width" attributeType="XML" from="200" to="20" begin="0s" dur="5s" fill="freeze" /> </rect>

ANIMATING GRAPHICS (2)

• Other types of animation– Animation along a path (motion tweening)

• animateMotion– Special instruction for color animation

• animateColor

• More advanced animation can be built with more programming (e.g. Morphing)– Exemple: Dragicevic, Artistic Resizing (UIST, 2005)

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METADATA

• Images can be describe with – <desc>

• Can contain any RDF data– <title>

• Standard element to give a title

• This can be useful for – Accessibility (screen readers, …)– Indexing image file (do not forget it's text files)

• SVG 1.2 also introduces attributes for RDFa & microformats

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<g> <title> Company sales by region </title> <desc> This is a bar chart which shows company sales by region. </desc> <!-- Bar chart defined as vector data --> </g>

HOW TO USE SVG

• Within an SVG document (.svg : image/svg+xml)– You can nest several SVG fragments / views inside an SVG document– This is a way to define "elastic" layouts

• Apply % values to x, y and width, height attributes

– Don't forget viewBox attribute to scale to fit

• Within an HTML document– By reference with <embed>, <object>, <iframe> or <img> tags– See www.carto.net/papers/svg/samples/svg_html.shtml

• Within an XHTML document (.xhtml : text/xhtml+xml)– Using the namespace inclusion mechanism– Must be parsed as XML by the browser– For a local file ".xhtml" is a way to force it

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EXTRA FEATURES

• Pixel filters • Markers• Glyphs• Text along a path• Adding Interactivity with Javascript Programming

– SVG APIs• SVG DOM API: for scripted interactivity• SVG Micro DOM (for SVG 1.2 Tiny)

• Much more … explore by yourself – Mozilla SVG home: developer.mozilla.org/en/docs/SVG– Lot of fascinating examples: www.treebuilder.de/– SVG-Wiki: wiki.svg.org/– W3C SVG Home: www.w3.org/Graphics/SVG/

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X11

1987 1992 1994 2002 2004

ShockwaveHTML HTML 4.0

Flash/SWF

X-HTMLSVG

Javascript DOM

XMLHttpRequest Ajax

CSS

IFrame

1990 1996 1998 2000 2006

OpenGL

PDF

Direct 3D OpenGL2.0

Mosaic NetscapeIE

FirefoxKonfabulator AIR

Silverlight

XAMLFlex/MXMLXUL

WVG

CONCLUSION: RIA STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGIES

CREDITSWeb sources indicated directly on the slides, otherwise (many thanks to them):

Illustrationsp7 CENA Digistrip www.tls.cena.fr/divisions/PII/toccata/composants/digistrips.html

Demosp10 SVG Slot Machine – www.treebuilder.de

p30 Adobe Airbus A321 Panel demo – www.adobe.com/svg/demos/main.html

BookSketching User Experience, Bill Buxton, Morgan Kaufman by Elsevier inc. 2007 – www.billbuxton.com

Article

Combining SVG and models of interaction to build highly interactive user interfaces,

S. Chatty, A. Lemort, S. Sire, J-L. Vinot, SVGOpen 2005 – www.svgopen.org/2005/papers/CombiningSVGModelsBuildInteractiveUserInterfaces/

MEDIA Research Group Spring 2009

EXTRA SLIDES

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COMPLETE SVG FILE EXAMPLE

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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?><!DOCTYPE svg [ <!-- entities etc. here --> ]><svg version="1.1" baseProfile="full" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" width="8cm" height="6cm"> <defs> <!-- resources to be reused --> <linearGradient id="Gradient01"> <stop offset="20%" stop-color="#39F" /> <stop offset="90%" stop-color="#F3F" /> </linearGradient> <rect id="shape" width="1cm" height="1cm" stroke="blue" stroke-width="0.1cm"/> </defs> <!-- content --> <rect x=".1cm" y=".1cm" width="7.9cm" height="5.9cm" fill="none" stroke="black" stroke-width="1px" /> <use x="1cm" y="1cm" xlink:href="#shape" fill="#BBB"/> <use x="4cm" y="1cm" xlink:href="#shape" fill="url(#Gradient01)"/> <use x="1cm" y="4cm" xlink:href="#shape" fill="url(#Gradient01)"/> <use x="4cm" y="4cm" xlink:href="#shape" fill="blue"/> </svg>