retinal examination& invistegation
Post on 24-Jan-2017
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RetinaExamination&investigation
Dr_Mohamed ELShafie, assistant lecturer
Dr_Mohamed Ahmady, resident
anatomy
• It is the senstive and inner most layer of the eye
• Derived from neural ectoderm• Extend from optic disc centrally to ora serrata
peripherally……..
Minute amatimy
Histologically formed of ten
layers
1. Retinal pigment epithelium2. Photoreceptors……(rods&cones)3. External limiting membrane4. Outer nuclear layer5. Outer plexiform layer6. Inner nuclear layer7. Inner plexiform layer8. Ganglion cell layer9. Nerve fiber layer10.Inner limiting membrane
Blood supply
Outer 5 layers are AVASCULAR…..
Arterialcentral retinal artery• branch from ophthalmic artery• emerge from optic disc and immediately
divide into 4 branches……?
→FAZ….???
Venouscentral retinal vein ….drain into cavernous sinus
Veins accompany the arteries and may cross each other……..
Fundus examunation
Direct ophthalmoscope• Uniocular• No steriopsis• Erect image• high magnification ×15• small field
Indirect ophthalmoscope• Binocular vision• Streopsis• Inverted image• Low magnification ×5• Large field
Slit lamp biomicriscopy
With contact lensGoldman 3 mirror lens
With non contact lens• Biconcave(Hurby lens)
• Biconvex lens (+60&+78&+90)
Appearane of normal fundus
How to test the center of the retina = macula = macular function tests• Form sense: VA
• Colour sense:
Clear media: ishihara colour book
Opaque media:Ophthalmoscope coloured filters + light source
Some investigations
OCT
Flourescein angiography
Visual field examination
Conferentation test
• Compares peripheral vision with a tester who has normal peripheral vision
• 2 ft. apart, eye level
• Tester & client cover opposite eyes
• Tester advances finger in the periphery– Superiorly ( 50 degrees )– Inferiorly ( 70 degrees )– Temporally ( 90 degrees )– Nasally ( 60 degrees )
3_Perimetery
Visual field defect
• scotoma blind spot is physiological -ve scotoma
• Hemianopia involve one half of field(heterogenous& homonymous)
Fundus picture of some diseases• Diabetic Retinopathy
•VEDIO
PRP
Hypertensive Retinopathy
CRAO&CRVO
BRAO&BRVO
Rhegmatogenous RD
Tractional RD
Retinitis pigmentosa
papilloedema
1ry optic atrophy
Glaucomatous optic atrophy
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