results of pm air pollution baseline … site number characteristics site position pm size fraction...

RESULTS OF PM AIR

POLLUTION BASELINE AND

SOURCE APPORTIONMENT

STUDY OF ULAANBAATAR CITY

OF MONGOLIA

S.Lodoysamba, S.Larssen, D.Shagjjamba, Li Liu, G.Gerelmaa J.Nygaard

Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar

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• ESTABLISHMENT OF AN AIR QUALITY MONITORING AND HEALTH

IMPACT BASELINE (AMHIB) FROM AIR POLLUTION IN

ULAANBAATAR (UB) CITY, MONGOLIA.

World Bank Contract 7146873, 2008-2009

Projects

• АГААРЫН ЧАНАР БА БОХИРДОЛЫН ЗӨӨГДЛИЙГ СУДЛАХШинжлэх ухаан, технологийн сэдэв, 2006-2008

• АГААРЫН БОХИРДЛЫН ҮҮСГҮҮР, ТЭДНИЙ БОХИРДОЛД ОРУУЛЖБУЙ ХУВИЙГ РМ2,5, РМ10 АРГААР ТОДОРХОЙЛОХ СУДАЛГАА

Шинжлэх ухаан, технологийн сэдэв, 2009-2011

• RCA/ IAEA PROJECT IMPROVED INFORMATION ABOUT URBAN

AIR QUALITY MANAGEMENT,

RAS/7/013, 2004-2007

• CHARACTERIZATION AND SOURCE IDENTIFICATION OF

PARTICULATE AIR POLLUTION IN THE ASIA REGION

RAS/7/015, 2007-2010

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Sampling Sites

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Sampling

site numberCharacteristics Site position

PM size

fraction

Height of

sampling head

from the

ground (m)

Remarks

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Kosa Monitor (Japanese make),

Measures PM10 and PM2.5.

Beta absorption.. Continuous

monitoring. Gives hourly values.

106o54,704

47o55,220

PM10 and

PM2.520

2, 3

GENT Sampler, Schulberger

Model 250, Measures PM10-2.5

and PM2.5. Polycarbonate

(nuclepore) filters.

106o58,311

47o54,811

PM10-2.5

and PM2.51.6;6

Elemental

analysis, Black

carbon

determination

4, 7, 8

Dust Trak-8520, measures

PM2.5 or PM10. Laser light

scattering. Continuous

monitoring; Gives hourly values.

106o54,159

47o54,719PM2.5 3;2;3

5

Rotary Bebicon, Type 35RC-

28SD5 (Japanese make).

Measures PM10,

15 l/min, filter.

106o52,967

47o53,64PM10 3

Replaced by

EcoTech monitor

(beta absorption)

from Nov.2008

6

Partisol FRM-Model 2000,

Measures PM10, 16.7 l/min, filter

(nuclepore).

106o52,167

47o55,582PM10 4

Elemental

analysis, Black

carbon

determination

Used samplers

4

MonthsNAMHEM

(1)

NRC

(2)

Zuun ail

(3)

CLEM

(5)

3 khoroolol

(6)Average

Jun-08 28.9 160.2 154.3 120.0 187.3 130.2

Jul-08 7.2 126.7 112.5 17.6 56.4 64.1

Aug-08 238.0 179.1 27.9 85.4 132.6

Sep-08 8.0 221.4 131.4 38.8 70.4 94.0

Oct-08 37.7 223.1 127.6 79.6 161.2 125.8

Nov-08 128.5 365.8 673.2 112.9 800.8 416.2

Dec-08 277.5 180.2 926.8 61.4 693.5 427.9

Jan-09 173.7 200.1 1850.0 65.8 932.3 644.4

Feb-09 115.4 302.1 1007.3 86.0 463.7 394.9

Mar-09 62.5 205.2 488.6 63.7 358.2 235.6

Apr-09 34.0 316.0 300.2 59.8 272.8 196.5

May-09 32.5 501.2 739.3 33.6 183.1 297.9

Annual

average82.3 253.3 557.5 63.91 355.4 262.5

MonthsNAMHEM

(1)

NRC

(2)

Zuun ail

(3)

6 buudal

(4)

Bayan

hoshuu (7)

Airport

(8)

Avera

ge

Jun-08 16.9 29.0 25.5 84.6 169.3 65.1

Jul-08 1.2 21.7 13.3 12.1

Aug-08 5.7 64.9 48.7 39.7

Sep-08 8.0 18.8 37.9 37.3 47.0 37.6 31.1

Oct-08 38.1 46.3 38.7 281.3 498.3 184.7 181.2

Nov-08 81.4 121.6 330.6 527.3 567.5 406.3 339.1

Dec-08 224.5 106.9 575.5 1205.1 1421.2 892.9 737.7

Jan-09 138.3 121.3 1291.1 858.5 1536.1 514.5 743.3

Feb-09 99.6 141.4 358.1 342.4 971.3 413.3 387.7

Mar-09 45.3 80.1 345.5 179.3 321.0 207.3 196.4

Apr-09 25.2 128.8 119.6 93.9 137.3 91.8 99.4

May-09 24.3 279.3 370.8 41.9 58.9 52.9 138.0

Annual

average59.1 96.7 296.3 365.2 617.6 297.1 288.6

PM10, PM2.5 Concentrations

PM10 PM2.5

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PM 2.5 Concentration Time Series

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PM 10 Concentration

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PM 2.5 Concentration

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PM10 PM2.5

Monthly Average Concentrations

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Average Concentration Measured

Average Concentration Assessed

AreaРМ10 (µµµµg/m3)

РМ2.5 (µµµµg/m3) Exceedence

Central

part UB300 150 6

Ger area

UB350-900

300-

6207-18

Site No Site name PM2.5 PM10

2 NRC 96.7 253.3

3 Zuun ail 296.3 557.5

4 6 Buudal 365.2 -

6 3 khoroolol - 355.4

7 Bayanhoshuu 617.6 -

8 Airport 297.1 -

Average all

stations

334.6 388.7

Monthly Average Concentrations

10

Gers and Ger Area

Gers in countryside

Ger Area

Mongolian Ger 11

Annual Average Concentrations

350-900

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Source PM10 SO2

Height of

emissions,

meters

Spatial distribution

Ger

households16,363 7,084 2-3 Throughout ger areas

HOBs 6,480 4,360 10-20Distributed over the ger areas

and along the east-west corridor

CHP 6,290 33,600 100-2503 point sources to the west of UB

centre

Vehicle

exhaust1,161 1,354 1

Throughout the city,

concentrated in central areas

Emissions inventory for combustion

sources (tons/year)

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Chemical Analysis Set-up

Experimental setup of the New Zealand Institute of

Geosciences and Nuclear Sciences14

45%

34%

10%

11%

Source contribution PM10-2.5 NRC

Soil 1

Soil 2

Combustion

Road dust

3% 5%

91%

1%

Source contribution PM10-2.5 No3

Coal combustion

Motor vehicles+Road dust

Soil

Biomass burning

3%5%

3% 2%

87%

ContributionPM2.5 in site No3(Zuun ail)-a

Motor vehicles+Road dust

Combustion 1

Soil

Biomass burning

Combustion2

Pollution Source Apportionment

15

12%

16%

27%

45%

PM10 in 3 khoroolol

Soil

Biomass burning

Motor vehicles+Road dust

Combustion1

Pollution Source Apportionment PM10

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Source Apportionment Summary.

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Daily time Series of PM concentrations(Example TV site, GTZ station)

Working days Weekend

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� Main pollution sources are:

• PM10- Soil erosion, Combustion, Road dust, Biomass burning,

• PM2.5- Coal combustion, Motor Vehicle+Road dust, Biomass burning, Soil

� Ulaanbaatar is probably the most polluted capital city of the world;

� About 50% of the PM contribution from gers correspond to ignition phase (cold start) and reloading of stoves;

� There is presence of toxic elements: Hg, Ni, V, F, Cl, Br, As in the air;

� Pb in the air is below the standard;

� A health effects study is ongoing, based upon the monitored data and

collected health data

Conclusion

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Thank You

for Your Attention! 20