research 20tips 20 uw (1)
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Tips for developing a
research proposal
Untung Waluyo
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Talk Overview1. Research title
2. Introduction
3. iterature review
!. Research "ethod
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Research title
# good research title$• should accurately% clearly% and concisely re&ect
the i'portance and content of the paper in onesentence
• (ondenses the research)s content in a few words• accurately re&ects the cru+ of your research
• will provide the readers with infor'ation a,outthe focus of your research study
• -ierentiates your thesis fro' other theses ofthe sa'e su,/ect area
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R-0
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TO I(R4#04 0TU-4T0 #;IIT8
• T54 "4T5O- 044(TIO O9 T4#(5I 4I05R#""#R 9OR (5I-R4
• T4#(5I 4I05 7O(#;U#R8 U0I 0O8RI(0
• T54 #-7#T#40 O9 T4#(5I 7O(#;U#R8 T5ROU5 #"40 I
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Introduction
• provides readers with the ,ackground infor'ationfor the proposed research.
• lay the ,road foundation for the pro,le' thatleads to the study%
• esta,lishes a fra'ework for the research% so thatreaders can understand how it is related to otherresearch= >Wilkinson% 1??1% p. ?@A.
uestions to consider$
• Why do you want to study this su,/ectB• What i'portant% unresolved issues pertain to the
su,/ectCo,/ect of the studyB
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6urpose of the study
• provides the conte+t forthe research study
• is the concise description of an issuecurrently e+isting which needs to ,eaddressed.
• is often the hardest part of writing a
research proposal or thesis ,ecause ofone)s lack of ,ackground knowledgein research.
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Research Duestions
• # research Duestion guides andcentres your research.
• It esta,lishes a clear purpose foryour research in relation to yourchosen Eeld.
• It is si'ilar to state'ent of pro,le',ut written in an interrogative for'.
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Reasons for the study
• Why do you conduct the studyB
• What triggers your interest to studythe 'atterB What pro,le's appearfro' F
• Why is it i'portantB
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0igniEcance of the study
• What contri,ution will ,e 'ade ,ythe studyB
• Who will ,eneEt fro' your studyB
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iterature review
• is a critical look at the e+istingresearch that is signiEcant to thework that you are carrying out.
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6urpose of a iteratureReview
• To provide ,ackground infor'ation
• To esta,lish i'portance of your study
• To de'onstrate fa'iliarity with thetheory and Eeld of study to ,einvestigated
• To provide direction for furtherresearch
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(haracteristics of4ective iterature Reviews
• Outlining important research trends
• Assessing the strengths and weaknesses of
existing research• Identifying potential gaps in knowledge
• Establishing a need for current and/or future
research projects
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9our #nalysis Tasks of theiterature Review
TASKS OF
LITERATURE
REVIEW
SUMMARIZE SYNTHESIZE CRITIQUE COMPARE
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0teps for Writing a itReview
• 6lanning
• Reading and Research
• #nalyGing• -rafting
• Revising
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"ethod
• Research design$ uantitative vsualitative
• 6opulation
• 0a'ple
• "ethod of data collection
•Instru'ent
• 6rocedure of data collection
• "ethod of data analysis
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uantitative 'ethod
• uantitative research 'ethods wereoriginally developed in the naturalsciences to study natural
pheno'ena.
• It involves 'easure'ents% usually ofa nu',er of varia,les% across sa'ple
as key research indicators and tools.
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(ont..
• 7alidity and relia,ility can ,e 'easurednu'erically using statistical tests.
• # co''on perception of Duantitative
research is that the e'phasis is on proofrather than discovery.
• There are three pri'ary types ofDuantitative research designs$ – e+peri'entalH
– Duasie+peri'entalH
– descriptive and correlational.
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ualitative "ethod
• ualitative research takes aninductive approach and its 'ethodswere developed in the social sciences
to ena,le researchers to study socialand cultural pheno'ena
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(ontF
ualitative approaches to research are,ased on a Jworld viewJ which is holisticand has the following ,eliefs$
• There is no single reality.
• Reality is ,ased upon perceptions thatare dierent for each person and
change over ti'e.• What we know has 'eaning only
within a given situation or conte+t.
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Key features of Dualitative research
•It is not ,ased upon nu'erical 'easure'entsand does not use nu',ers and statistical'ethods as key research indicators and tools
• It uses words as the unit of analysis and often
takes an indepth% holistic or rounded approachto eventsCissuesCcase studies.
• It tends to ,e associated with description%s'allscale studies and researcher involve'ent
• The researcher acting as a 'easure'ent tool.• is e'phasiGed on discovery rather than proof.
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4+a'ples of Dualitative research
'ethods
– action research
– case study
– grounded theory
– historical 'ethods
– ethnography.
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