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Regional Cooperation/
Integration: Comparing
NorthEast Asia and
SouthEast Asia
International Political Economy PresentationSorrel Magenta Linsley, LI Xiaoyu, Kohei Nakajima, Reo Takano, Chang Ta-Chien
Introduction: What is Regional Cooperation?
Definition: Regional Cooperation refers to the political and institutional mechanisms that countries in a
general geographical region devise to find and strengthen common interests as well as promoting their
national interests, through mutual cooperation and dialogue.
Key Words: Regionalism, Trade, Free Trade Agreements, ASEAN
Countries in Southeast Asia: Burma, Laos, Vietnam,
Thailand, Cambodia, Malaysia, Singapore, Indonesia,
Brunei, Philippines, East Timor
Countries in Northeast Asia: China, Japan, Mongolia,
North Korea, South Korea, Taiwan, Hong Kong
Levels of commitment required by Regionalism
・Preferential trade agreements
・Free-trade area
・Custom union
・Common market
・Economic union
Why is it needed? / Why does it happen?
・Liberalization of movement and communication
・Contribution to the development of academics; Science
・Security with collective defense
・Maintenance of infrastructure and social system
・Economic development
NorthEast Asia
Compare with SouthEast Asia, NorthEast Asia does not have a clearly bonded
Union to support economic growth.
Possible Reasons can be:
1. Territorial dispute, national conflicta. Taiwan and China
b. North Korea and South Korea
2. Self economic developmenta. national brand power
b. labor force
Taiwan Strait & Senkaku Island
silk road and one belt one road
ASEAN (Association of Southeast Asian Nations)
・Established in 1967 in Bangkok by five founding nations: Indonesia, Malaysia,
Philippines, Singapore, and Thailand with Bangkok Declaration.
(now 10 member states including Brunei, Viet Nam, Lao PDR, Myanmar, and Cambodia)
・Aims and Purposes:
Cooperation in the economic, social, cultural, technical, educational and other
fields.
Promotion of regional peace and stability.
1M170465-7 Reo Takano
ASEAN's features
・Inclusiveness
Diversity of member nations (Political/Economical/Social aspects)
・"ASEAN Way"
State sovereignty and the principle of non-interference
Consensus in making decisions
Mutual understanding through dialogue and consultation
・ASEAN Motto
= "One Vision, One Identity, One Community"
ASEAN Structure and institutionalization
・ASEAN Summit (and Coordinating Council)
1997 Adoption of the "ASEAN Vision 2020" (and Asian currency crisis)
2003 Decision to establ communities (at Bali Summit)
2008 Enactment of the ASEAN Charter
2015 AEC was established
1976 1st Summit at Bali
1995- Take place annually
・The ASEAN Community:
Political - Security/ Economic/ Socio - Cultural Community
Relationship with Northeast Asia
・ASEAN + 3 (APT)
ASEAN + China, Japan, and South Korea
Triggered by the Asian currency crisis in 1997
Broadened and deepened cooperation (Political-
Security, Economic and Finance, Environment and Development, Technology,
etc.)
・East Asian Summit (EAS)
APT members + Australia, New Zealand, India, the United States, and Russia
Future prospect for establishment of East Asian Community
Boao Forum for Asia (BFA)
LI, Xiaoyu 1m141087
● a non-governmental and non-profit organization
● Leaders from government, business and academia
● Asia and other continents
● Modelled on World Economic Forum
● Formally inaugurated in 2001
● Annual conference since 2002
● Pressing issues in this dynamic region and the world large
What is BFA?
Goals
● Promote asian cooperation
● Build asian consensus
● Make asian voice heard
References
MacIntyre, Andrew; T. J. Pempel and John Ravenhill (eds.) (2008) Crisis as Catalyst: Asia’s Dynamic Political Economy, NY: Cornell
University Press.
Pempel, T. J. (eds.) (2005) Remapping East Asia: The Construction of a Region, Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
Ravenhill, John (2010) ‘The “New East Asian Regionalism”: A Political Domino Effect’, Review of International Political Review, 17(2):
178-208.
Solis, Mireya; Barbara Stallings and Saori N. Katada (eds.) (2009) Competitive Regionalism: FTA Diffusion in the Pacific Rim,
Basingstoke: Palgrave MacMillan.
Yoshimatsu, Hidetaka (2014) Comparing Institution-Building in East Asia: Power Politics, Governance, and Critical Junctures,
Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
Asean Website: http://asean.org/
BFA Website: http://english.boaoforum.org/
Amako, S., Matsuoka, S., & Horiuchi, K. (2013). Regional Integration in East Asia Theoretical and Historical Perspective. Japan: United
Nations University Press.
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