recent nmfs scientific publications · united states. crustacea: decapoda." april 1974. 50 p....
Post on 12-Aug-2020
0 Views
Preview:
TRANSCRIPT
Publications
Recent NMFS Scientific Publications
One bait boat sent from Japan, toprovide technical training, and fourother vessels (three Ecuadorian andone Colombian) will conduct fishingfor the company out of Buenaventura.The planned catch during the firstyear is 3,000 tons of skipjack worthabout $1.5 million. The new companyplans to build in Buenaventura a 1,000ton capacity cold storage plant, whichreportedly will be the largest coldstorage in Colombia.Source: Suisan Keizai Shimbun.
JAPAN IMPORTSLESS SALMON
Japanese salmon imports weresharply down last year owing to poorharvest in the United States and Canada, the two major suppliers, and thedepressed market in Japan. In recentyears, between 5,000 and 8,000 tonsof salmon were imported annually,
NOAA Technical Report NMFSSSRF-677. Gilmore, Gil, and LeeTrent. "Abundance of benthic macroinvertebrates in natural and alteredestuarine areas." April 1974. 13 p.
ABSTRACT
The abundance of benthic macroinvertebrates during March-October 1969 in West Bay, Tex., wascompared between 1) a naturalmarsh area, 2) an adjacent marsharea altered by channelization, bulkheading, and filling, and 3) anopen bay area. Animals representingfour phyla were caught. Abundanceindices (areas combined) of thefour groups in terms of numberswere 66.4 percent polychaetes, 29.6percent crustaceans, 2.5 percentpelecypods, and 1.5 percent nemerteans; volumes were 44.0 percentpolychaetes, 40.8 percent pelecypods,10.7 percent nemerteans, and 4.4percent crustaceans.
When all organisms were combined, they were slightly more abundant numerically and over twiceas abundant volumetrically in themarsh than in the canals and wereleast abundant in the bay. Polychaetes were most abundant inthe canals and least abundant inthe bay; abundance was highest atstations with low to intermediateamounts of silt and clay or wherevegetative matter was composedmostly of live sea grasses or detritus.
and in 1973 the purchases jumped to
15.000 tons. Sharp gains in 1973were attributed to increased consumption in Japan of salmon and otherNorth Pacific species which gainedpopularity as "clean" fish amidst theuproar over local fish contaminationby PCB, mercury and other pollutants,and to heavy buying by trading firmsspeculating on sharp price increasesfor salmon.
However, in 1974, the Japanesesalmon market weakened. adverselyaffected by the tight money situationand consumer resistance to high-valueseafood. This situation. coupled withhigh prices in the salmon producingcountries because of poor fishing, discouraged the tradi ng firms from importing the product which they couldnot sell at above cost. Total Japanesesalmon imports in 1974 to 30 September 1974 were 2,990 metric tons.Source: Suisan Keizai Shimbun.
Crustaceans were more abundantin the natural marsh than in theother two areas and showed a definite preference for sandy substratein marsh areas. Pelecypods werenumerically most abundant in thebay but volumetrically the marshhad the highest standing crop. Nemerteans were most abundant inthe marsh and least abundant inthe bay.
In general, the seasonal abundance of polychaetes and nemerteans varied little during the study.whereas crustaceans and pelecypodswere abundant only during thespring and early summer. An exception to this seasonal abundancepattern was the reduction in numbers of polychaetes at the uppermost canal station where the habitat was apparently unsuitable dueto low oxygen levels during thesummer and early fall.
NOAA Technical Report NMFSSSRF-678. Ellis, Robert J. "Distribution, abundance, and growth of juvenile sockeye salmon, Oncorhynchusnerka, and associated species in theNaknek River system, 1961-64." September 1974.53 p.
ABSTRACT
The Naknek River system contains eight interconnected and generally biologically discrete basins,
44
each with a different ratio of spawning grounds to rearing area forsockeye salmon, Oncorhynchusnerka, and different densities ofjuvenile sockeye salmon and associated species of fish. Juvenile sockeye salmon and other pelagic specieswere sampled with tow nets atnight. Sockeye salmon were themost common and abundant speciesin all basins, followed by threespinesticklebacks, ninespine sticklebacks.and pond smelt. Eighteen otherspecies of potential competitor orpredator fish were present.
In the summers of 1961 to 1963,juvenile sockeye salmon in thepelagic areas had a characteristicpattern of abundance for the entiresystem: abundance (catch per tow)of age 0 increased from earlysummer to midsummer and thendeclined to late August. The abundance in late August varied aboutthreefold and, in general, was independent of variations in the numberof parents from 1960 to 1963.
In July the abundance of age 0fish in each basin was proportionalto the amount of known contiguousspawning ground, but by late August this relation no longer existed.This change was at least partly dueto migration of the age 0 fishgenerally from basins of greaterabundance of fish to those of lesserabundance. The larger and fastergrowing fish were the first to migrate.Not all basins were involved inthese migrations.
The production of sockeye salmon smolts in the Naknek systemis relatively stable. At least threemajor factors probably contributeto this stability: (I) the presenceof several major spawning units orraces in widely separated spawninggrounds of different types, (2) thepresence of several connected lakes,and (3) the migratory behavior ofjuvenile sockeye salmon during thefirst summer.
A mechanism which prevents thepopulation of juvenile sockeye salmon from exceeding some upperlimit is not apparent in the Nakneksystem. A reduction in growth inareas of high density was not apparent in the Naknek system in196 \-64 and apparently did notoccur in 1957-65. Many kinds ofpredators on juvenile salmon arepresent but probably are not limiting production of smolts.
The data on abundance andgrowth of juvenile sockeye salmonand the distribution of the escapement and spawning grounds indicatethat it should be possible to increasethe production of sockeye salmonin the Naknek system. Two of themajor basins, North Arm andBrooks Lake, which constitute about35 percent of the system, are now
producing juveniles at very lowlevels. North Arm appears to sufferfrom too little spawning area,whereas Brooks Lake appears tohave adequate spawning area buttoo few spawners.
Three factors in the biology ofjuvenile sockeye salmon of the Naknek system are of special significance to the managers of the resource and should be investigatedin any effort to enhance the production of sockeye salmon in the Naknek system: (I) the abundance ofsmolts each spring is fairly constant for the system as a whole andnot closely related to the abundanceof the parents or, from 1961-64,even to the original abundance ofage 0 fish; (2) the apparent growthof juvenile sockeye salmon andpotential competitor species is notrelated to the abundance of thesefish in any lake of the Nakneksystem; and (3) two major lakes,constituting about 35 percent of therearing waters, do not receive age 0sockeye salmon from other basinsand are supporting relatively fewsockeye salmon.
The question of what escapementof adult sockeye salmon is neededto ensure full production of juvenilesis considered. The present studyindicates that escapements in therange of 600,000 to 1,000,000 fish,as recommended by other studies,would probably fully use the present combination of spawning andrearing areas without danger ofoverburdening the food supply.
NOAA Technical Report NMFSCIRC-389. Williams, Austin B. "Marine flora and fauna of the northeasternUnited States. Crustacea: Decapoda."April 1974. 50 p.
ABSTRACT
The manual includes an introduction to general classification, anillustrated key, an annotated systematic list, a selected bibliography,and a systematic index to the marinedecapod crustaceans of the inshoreand continental shelf waters of thenortheastern United States.
NOAA Technical Report NMFSCIRC-390. Engett, Mary Ellen, andLee C. Thorson. "Fishery publications,calendar year 1973: Lists and indexes." September 1974. 14 p.
ABSTRACT
The following series of fisherypublications of the National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, in calendar year 1973 are
listed numerically (with abstracts)and indexed by author, subject, andgeographic area: NOAA TechnicalReport NMFS CIRC (formerlyCircular); Data Report; FisheryFacts; NOAA Technical ReportNMFS SSRF; and NOAA Technical Memorandum NM FS.
NOAA Technical Report NMFSSSRF-675. Shomura, Richard S., andFrancis Williams (editors). "Proceedings of the International BillfishSymposium, Kailua-Kona, Hawaii,9-12 August 1972. Part 2. Review andcontributed papers." July 1974.335 p.
(No abstract)
Data Report 85. Clark, StephenH., Dennis A. Emiliani, and RichardA. Neal. "Release and recovery datafrom brown and white shrimp markrecapture studies in the northern Gulfof Mexico, May 1967-November1969." July 1974. 152 p. on 3 microfiche. For sale by U.S. Departmentof Commerce, National TechnicalInformation Service, 5285 Port RoyalRd., Springfield, VA 2213 I.
ABSTRACT
During seven mark-recapturestudies conducted in the northernGulf of Mexico during the periodMay 1967 to November 1969, personnel at the Galveston Laboratoryreleased 75,947 brown shrimp (Penaeus aZ/ecus) and 38.628 whiteshrimp (P. sellfems) marked withbiological stains, fluorescent pigments, and plastic tags. Recoveryof 6,192 brown shrimp and 917white shrimp. provided data ongrowth, mortality, migration. anddistribution by area and depth.Data for individual recoveries andother pertinent information aresummarized in this report.
Data Report 86. Weber, DouglasD. ''Observations on growth of southeastern Bering Sea king crab, Parali/hodes call1/schatica. from a tagrecovery study, 1955-65." August1974. 122 p. on 2 microfiche. Forsale by U.S. Department of Commerce,National Technical Information Service, 5285 Port Royal Rd., Springfield,VA 22131.
ABSTRACT
Growth data from a lO-yr tagrecovery study of southeastern Bering Sea king crab, Paralithodescall1/schatica, were evaluated forsources of error and the usablegrowth information documented.
45
For simplified analysis of growthdata the adult male crab growthincrements may be combined sincethe increase in carapace length permolt averages 17.5 mm irrespectiveof size. For female crabs the growthper molt decreases with increasein carapace length.
The crabs' migratory pattern.molting stage at time of tagging.area of recapture, and selectivityof the fishery can influence interpretation of the growth data. Theinteraction of these parameters arepresented, and it is suggested thatthese factors be considered in dataapplication.
Data Report 87. Collins, L. Alan,and John H. Finucane. "Hydrographicobservations in Tampa Bay and adjacent waters, May 1971 through April1973." August 1974. 146 p. on 3microfiche. For sale by U.S. Department of Commerce, National Technical Information Service, 5285 PortRoyal Rd., Springfield, VA 2213 I.
ABSTRACT
Hydrographic data are given forwater temperature, salinity. dissolved oxygen and turbidity. Additional data include chlorophyll a, b,and c. astacin and nonastacin carotenoids, and primary productivitybased on chlorophyll a extractionfor 29 stations in Tampa Bay andthe adjacent coastal waters fromClearwater south to Sarasota, Fla.Data on air temperature. watertemperature, salinity, and turbidityfrom daily observations at threesport fishing piers are provided.Tables summarize mean, range,and number of observations foreach of the parameters by themonths in which sampling occurred.
Data Report 88. Petersen, Duane H."Trawl catches and oceanographicdata from NMFS surveys of the Gulfof Alaska pandalid shrimp resource,1970-72." August 1974. 573 p. on 9microfiche. For sale by U.S. Department of Commerce, National Technical Information Service, 5285 PortRoyal Rd., Springfield, VA 22131.
ABSTRACT
Trawl catch and oceanographicdata collected from five NationalMarine Fisheries Service cruises toassess the relative abundance of thepandalid shrimp resource in theGulf of Alaska during 1970-72 arepresented.
Station data are arranged in tabular form and provide informationon location, depth, time and distance trawled, type of fishing gear
Floating Breakwaters, Fisherman EcologyAre Subjects of Two New URI Volumes
used, and species catch by weight.Bottom temperatures and salinitiesfor some studies are also included.
Data Report 89. Turner, WilliamR., George N. Johnson, and HerbertR. Gordy. ''Compendium of juvenilemenhaden surveys in coastal streamsof the northern Gulf of Mexico." August 1974. 189 p. on 3 microfiche.For sale by U.S. Department of Commerce, National Technical InformationService, 5285 Port Royal Rd., Springfield, VA 2213 I.
ABSTRACTCatches of juvenile Gulf men
haden with two-boat surface trawlsin coastal streams along the northern Gulf of Mexico are compiledfor the period from 1964 through1969. The catches are presentedchronologically with accompanyinghydrological data (including Secchidisc measurements, salinity determinations, and surface water temperatures) collected at each sampling station. Maps are provideddefining the various areal designations, streams, and sampl ing stations.
Data Report 90. Saloman, Carl H.,and L. Alan Collins. "Hydrographicobservations in Tampa Bay and adjacent waters--1972." August 1974.176 p. on 3 microfiche. For sale byU.S. Department of Commerce, National Technical Information Service,5285 Port Royal Rd., Springfield, VA2213 I.
ABSTRACTHydrographic data include water
temperature; salinity; total phosphorus; total Kjeldahl nitgrogen;pH; dissolved oxygen; turbidity;water transparency; chlorophyll a, b,and c, astacin and nonastacin carotenoids; and primary productivitybased on chlorophyll a extraction.Methods of collecting and analyzingsamples are described. Tables summarize data collected from 30 permanent stations by month and area.Additional tables summarize themean, range, and number of observations of samples taken twice dailyat the Laboratory dock.
Data Report 93. Trent, Lee, Edward J. Pullen, Genevieve Adams,and Gilbert Zamora, Jr. ''Catch perunit effort and mean total length ofbrown shrimp, Penaeus aZlecus Ives,taken by trawl in the Galveston Baysystem, Texas, 1963-67." September1974. 42 p. on 1 microfiche. For saleby U.S. Department of Commerce,National Technical Information Service, 5285 Port Royal Rd., Springfield,VA22131.
ABSTRACTThis report presents catches per
unit effort and mean lengths forbrown shrimp, Penaeus azlecus Ives,taken with a trawl and trawl codend cover from the Galveston Baysystem, Tex. during 1963-67 bypersonnel of the Estuarine Program,National Marine Fisheries Service,NOAA, Galveston, Tex. The number of stations at which sampleswere taken ranged from 58 in )963to 16 in 1967. Sampling frequencyvaried from weekly to monthly;in 1967 samples were not takenthroughout the year. Stations werelocated within three habitats-peripheral, open water, and channelwithin each bay area of the systemexcept West Bay. Catch per uniteffort was defined as the numberof brown shrimp caught per 5-mintow in a 0.6 X 3.0 m otter trawland the number caught per tow inthe cod end cover.
Data Report 94. Hall, John R., andWilliam N. Lindall, Jr. "Benthicmacroinvertebrates and sedimentsfrom upland canals in Tampa Bay,Florida." September 1974. 221 p. on4 microfiche. For sale by U.S. Department of Commerce, National Technical Information Service, 5285 PortRoyal Rd., Springfield, VA 2213 I.
ABSTRACTSamples from 34 stations in up
land canals of Tampa Bay, Fla.contained 139 species and 66,326specimens of benthic macroinvertebrates. Collections were made fromAugust 1970 through November1971. Tables gi ve monthly countsby species, individuals, and totalindividuals per square meter. Asummary of the total number ofspecies and individuals, and theirmonthly range and mean is presented. Mean grain size, standard deviation, skewness, kurtosis, and weight
The Proceedings of the 1974 Conference on Floating Breakwaters areavailable from the University of RhodeIsland Sea Grant program. Papersprinted in the 304-page proceedingscover the topics of theoretical treatment of the different modes of wavesuppression, experiments performedon model and prototype breakwaters,descriptions and evaluations of commercially available floating breakwaters, materials for breakwater construction, and the economics of floatingbreakwaters.
46
percentage of granule, sand, silt,and clay-sized sediment particlesare also recorded.
NOAA Technical MemorandumNMFS ABFL-3. Bailey, Jack E., andSidney G. Taylor. "Salmon fry production in a gravel incubator hatchery,Auke Creek, Alaska, 1971-72." November 1974, iv + 13 p.
ABSTRACTSurvival and physical character
istics of pink salmon fry, Onchorhynchus gorbuscha, incubated intwo types of boxes, each box containing about I m3 of gravel, anda Heath incubator were comparedwith fry from natural spawning toevaluate the use of boxes to producefry. The gravel incubators wereseeded at densities of 74,200 to198,000 eyed eggs/m3 . Survivalfrom eyed eggs to emergent fryranged from 79 to 97 percent inartificial incubation, but the numberof incubators tested was too smallto define any relationships betweensurvival and incubator type or eggdensity. With artificial incubationin gravel, survival from potentialeggs in females to emergent fry was69 percent, whereas with naturalspawning and incubation in thecreek, survival was about 12 percent.
Fry emerged from gravel incubators about 3 days earlier than fromthe streambed. The gravel incubatorfry were larger than tray fry butsmaller than creek fry. The smallersize of the gravel incubator frycould not be explained entirely onthe basis of early emergence.
Further studies were recommended to determine whether the muskegsediment that accumulated in theincubators, the low oxygen level(57 to 69 percent saturation), orthe substrate particle size and composition inhibited growth of theembryos.
The proceedings also contain a listof conference participants and a suggested list of nomenclature for useby researchers. Editor of the breakwater conference report is TadeuszKowalski, URI professor of oceanengineering. The Floating BreakwatersConference was held last spring (1974)at Newport, R. I. The conference wasco-sponsored by the University ofWashington and URI.
Two centuries of history and apresent day sociological study of theRhode Island fishing community, Gali-
lee, are presented in a recently published book titled, Fishermen of Galilee. The book is the result of a studyby two University of Rhode Islandprofessors, John J. Poggie, Jr., ananthropologist, and Carl Gersuny, asociologist. The I 16-page illustratedbook has been published by URI'sSea Grant program.
Beginning with the Indians andearly settlers who fished the salt pondsand the shore with small nets, theauthors recount the history of thecommunity through its hardships untilthe present day prosperity with asmall, highly mechanized fleet. Theauthors examine the present-day community in terms of human ecologywhich they believe is the most usefulapproach in understanding maritimeoccupational cultures.
Gersuny and Poggie tell how Galileehas coped with 20th century economicconditions with harbor improvementsand a new fishermen's cooperative.Taboos, the URI social scientistswrite, have enabled the fishermen tocontend with the danger and uncertainty of their occupation. Many oftheir observations are based uponinterviews with fishermen and a number of textile factory workers.
By comparing fishermen with factory workers, the social scientistsfound out that the fishermen have anunusual basic love for their occupation. "It would appear," Gersuny andPoggie say, "that the fishermen consider success and advancement intheir occupation to be the main sourceof reward in their life, whereas thesense of the mill workers' responsesindicates that they would like to haveenough money to be free of theiroccupation."
Independence, challenge, disdainfor regimentation and love of theoutdoors are valued highly by fishermen while factory workers concernthemselves with the steadiness of theirwork. the regular hours and security,the authors state. "In a sense," theywrite, "fishing is indeed a modern version of the primordial life way ofour species-the hunting and gathering way of life. Perhaps in manyways, man is structured to be a huntermore than he is to be part of bureaucratized life in urban industrial society."
Copies of "Fishermen of Galilee"are available at a cost of $3 each.Requests for publication P346 shouldbe mailed to the Marine AdvisoryService, University of Rhode Island,Narragansett Bay Campus, Narragansett, RI 02882. Copies of the FloatingBreakwaters Conference, Proceedings, publication No. P347, are available for $5 each from the same source.
Bristol Bay StudyIs Published
A new report published by theUniversity of Alaska's Institute ofSocial, Economic and GovernmentResearch (ISEGR}--Bristol Bay, ASocioeconomic Study-surveys thesocioeconomic characteristics of thatAlaska region. Compiled and writtenby economist David T. Kresge andresearch assistants Susan R. Fison andAnthony F. Gasbarro, the report wasoriginally prepared under contract tothe U.S. Army Corps of Engineersas part of a larger report, 'The BristolBay Environment, A BackgroundStudy of Available Knowledge."
The original study was intended toprovide background information forpossible inclusion in environmentalimpact statements relating to petroleum development in Bristol Bay. Thenew ISEGR report explores sevenmajor categories of socioeconomicimportance: population and education;labor force and employment; incomeand cost of living; housing and publicservices; industrial activity; transportation facilities and costs; and landuse and land status.
ISEGR has published the report aspart of its Man in the Arctic Program,a long-range research effort intendedto develop a basic understanding ofthe forces of change in Alaska andto apply this understanding in dealingwith the critical problems of socialand economic development. ISEG Rhas chosen Bristol Bay as a region inwhich further intensive research willbe carried out under the Man in theArctic Program. Its new report, as acompilation of available current information and historical data, will serveas a baseline for further studies inwhich socioeconomic data not presently available will be compiled andanalyzed. Copies of the report can beobtained from ISEGR at $5 each.
47
New AquacultureMagazine Debuts
Four fish farming magazines werecombined last fall into one new, bimonthly publication, The CommercialFish Farmer and Aquaculture News.The first issue (September-October1974) was published last fall and distributed to the combined circulationlists-more than 14,000 personsof the predecessor publications.
The new magazine. largest of itskind in the world and devoted exclusively to fish farming and aquaculture, is a consolidation of The Catfish Far/ner, Fish Far/nin)J Industries,A merican Fishes and U.S. Trout News,and The A merican Fish Farmer andWorld Aquaculture News. The CatfishFar/ner was the official publication ofthe Catfish Farmers of America, theLittle Rock, Arkansas-headquarterednational trade association of the catfish farming industry. A merican Fishesand U.S. Trout News was the officialpublication of the U.S. Trout FarmersAssociation which was headquarteredin Washington, D.C. until last fall.Fish Far/nin/:: Industries and TheA meriean Fish Farmer and WorldAquaculture News were independentpublications. The new magazine willbe the official publication of the Catfish Farmers of America.
Publisher and general manager ofthe new publication is Porter Briggsand the editor is Maurice Moore. Publication offices are at 530 TowerBuilding, Little Rock, AR 7220 I.
U.N. Water ResourcesMaterials Are Listed
A checklist describing some 200United Nations System publicationson water is now available from Unipub. U.S. distributor for publicationsof the United Nations System, andrelated publishing programs. Subjectscovered in the checklist include irrigation, desalination, climatology, waterpollution, environmental protection.waste disposal, nuclear applicationsin agriculture, and hyd rology. Theinformation is presented in books,maps, and microform.
Copies of the water resources checklist are available free of charge from:Unipub, Box 433, Murray Hill Station,New York, NY 10016.
top related