recent advances in screening test
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Recent Advances in Recent Advances in Screening TestsScreening TestsAbraham MallelaAbraham MallelaRoll No : 92Roll No : 92
Guided by Sipra Guided by Sipra MadamMadam
DevelopmentDevelopmentDevelopment of technology Development of technology
Newer methods Newer methods
Faster results Faster results
Accurate AnalysisAccurate Analysis
Lesser PainLesser Pain
Cervical CarcinomaCervical Carcinoma
PAP Smear ACIASPAP Smear ACIASACIASACIAS : Automated Computer : Automated Computer Image Analysis SystemImage Analysis System
Initial Stages of developmentInitial Stages of development
X National Screening X National Screening
High Volume Reference LabsHigh Volume Reference Labs
Improve sensitivity and Improve sensitivity and unsatisfactory specimenunsatisfactory specimen
Breast Breast CancerCancer
Full Field Digital Full Field Digital MammographyMammography
Mammography - Mammary gland Mammography - Mammary gland cancercancer
Previously - Screen Film CassettesPreviously - Screen Film Cassettes
Currently - Digital ImagingCurrently - Digital Imaging
Also Know as : Full Field Digital Also Know as : Full Field Digital MammographyMammography
FFDM FFDM
Colo-rectal CarcinomaColo-rectal Carcinoma
Virtual ColonoscopyVirtual ColonoscopyColorectal CarcinomaColorectal Carcinoma
Traditionally : Anal ProbeTraditionally : Anal Probe
Disadvantages: Disadvantages: Pain, ShynessPain, Shyness
Recent Advances: Recent Advances: Virtual ColonoscopyVirtual Colonoscopy
MRI & CT Scans - 2D & 3D MRI & CT Scans - 2D & 3D ImagesImages
Non - Invasive and Pain freeNon - Invasive and Pain free
Many drawbacksMany drawbacks
Doubtful Diagnostic ValueDoubtful Diagnostic Value
ExpensiveExpensive
Lacks therapeutic actions - Removal of Lacks therapeutic actions - Removal of polyps polyps
TuberculosisTuberculosis
QuantiFERON TB - GoldQuantiFERON TB - GoldTuberculosisTuberculosis
Gold Standard : Mantoux TestGold Standard : Mantoux Test
Many replacements developedMany replacements developed
QuantiFERON TB - GoldQuantiFERON TB - Gold
Blood testBlood test
Measures Immune Measures Immune reactivity to TBreactivity to TB
Chronic DepressionChronic Depression
Beck Depression Beck Depression InventoryInventory
Depression Screening TestDepression Screening Test
21 questions with multiple choice answers21 questions with multiple choice answers
Severity of depressionSeverity of depression
3 versions 3 versions
BDI - 1BDI - 1
BDI - 1ABDI - 1A
BDI - 2BDI - 2
Foetal Foetal AbnormalitiAbnormalitieses
3D Sonography3D SonographyFoetal Abnormalities Screening Foetal Abnormalities Screening tests : Sonography, Alpha Feto tests : Sonography, Alpha Feto Protein Protein
Traditionally : 2D image sonography Traditionally : 2D image sonography
Recent Advances : Real time Recent Advances : Real time 3D 3D SonographySonography
Multiple Sonographs at different Multiple Sonographs at different angelsangels
View abnormalities in a beating heart View abnormalities in a beating heart in realtimein realtime
Diabetes Diabetes
DiabetesDiabetesMost common non-Most common non-communicable diseasecommunicable disease
Prevention: Early detection & Prevention: Early detection & change in life stylechange in life style
Current screening methods: Current screening methods: Questionnaire, urine Questionnaire, urine examination , fasting blood examination , fasting blood sugar, plasma glycogen, HbA1csugar, plasma glycogen, HbA1c
Drawing of BloodDrawing of Blood
Gold Standard for Diagnosis : Oral Glucose Gold Standard for Diagnosis : Oral Glucose Tolerance testTolerance test
Cannot be used as Screening testCannot be used as Screening test
Multiple blood samples & Time Taking Multiple blood samples & Time Taking
Diab - SpotDiab - SpotDeveloped by DiagnOptics LabsDeveloped by DiagnOptics Labs
AGE’sAGE’s : Advanced Glycation EndProducts : Advanced Glycation EndProducts
Important role in development of Important role in development of DiabetesDiabetes
Non Invasive method using Fluorescent Non Invasive method using Fluorescent technique technique
Measures Measures AGE’sAGE’s in tissues in tissues
Combined with age,sex,weight Combined with age,sex,weight - immediate results - immediate results
Screening with SalivaScreening with Saliva
Screening with SalivaScreening with Saliva
Analysis of saliva for Analysis of saliva for various enzymes various enzymes
Can be used for Can be used for many applicationsmany applications
Adrenal Conditions : Adrenal Conditions : Addisons Disease Addisons Disease
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome , Polycystic Ovary Syndrome , Anovulations ,MenopauseAnovulations ,Menopause
Andropause , Hyperstogenic Andropause , Hyperstogenic
Metabolic Disorders : Insulin Resistance, Metabolic Disorders : Insulin Resistance, DiabetesDiabetes
Bengin & Metastatic Neoplasm : Breast Bengin & Metastatic Neoplasm : Breast Cancer , Oral Cancers, Pancreatic CancerCancer , Oral Cancers, Pancreatic Cancer
Allergic Conditions : Food Allergy Allergic Conditions : Food Allergy
Coronary Coronary Heart Heart DiseaseDisease
Coronary Heart DiseaseCoronary Heart DiseaseCurrent Screening Tests : Current Screening Tests : EKG & Exercise Cardiac EKG & Exercise Cardiac Stress Testing ( Stress Testing ( ECSTECST ) )
Unreliable - mitral valve Unreliable - mitral valve stenosis & Inadequate stenosis & Inadequate increase in heart rateincrease in heart rate
Further confirmation - Further confirmation - Angiography Angiography
RadioNucleioside RadioNucleioside Stress Test Stress Test
Invasive screening test Invasive screening test
Radioactive isotope dye Radioactive isotope dye
Gamma CameraGamma Camera
Areas with low blood flow - Areas with low blood flow - Nuclear Cold SpotNuclear Cold Spot
Electron beam Electron beam Computerised Computerised TomographyTomography
Also called as Calcium Also called as Calcium Scoring Scoring
Measures Calcium Deposits Measures Calcium Deposits in Coronary Arteriesin Coronary Arteries
CT ScannersCT Scanners
Urine StripUrine StripDetecting Diabties & Kidney Disease Detecting Diabties & Kidney Disease
Latest Advancements : Automated Urine Strip Latest Advancements : Automated Urine Strip Analyser Analyser
Calcium, blood glucose, bilirubin , urobilirubinq, Calcium, blood glucose, bilirubin , urobilirubinq, ketones , leucocytes creatine, microalbumin, ketones , leucocytes creatine, microalbumin, pH , ascorbic acid and protein all with a single pH , ascorbic acid and protein all with a single sample of urine. sample of urine.
Diabetic RetinopathyDiabetic Retinopathy
30 - degree 30 - degree Stereoscopic Stereoscopic PhotographyPhotographyScreening test for Screening test for Diabetic Retinopathy Diabetic Retinopathy
Traditional methods: Traditional methods: Direct & Indirect Direct & Indirect OphthalmoscopyOphthalmoscopy
Indirect Ophthalmoscopy Indirect Ophthalmoscopy - needs access to health - needs access to health carecare
Where health care not Where health care not developed : Film or developed : Film or digital photographydigital photography
Recent Gold Standard : Recent Gold Standard : 30 - degree 30 - degree stereoscopic stereoscopic photography of the photography of the seven standard fieldsseven standard fields
Expensive & Highly Expensive & Highly trained professionals trained professionals requiredrequired
SyphilisSyphilis
Syphilis Syphilis Traditionally VDRL slide testTraditionally VDRL slide test
Test is difficult to perform Test is difficult to perform
Alternative : Rapid Plasma Alternative : Rapid Plasma Reagin Test ( Reagin Test ( RPRRPR ) )
Effective Screening TestEffective Screening Test
Non - Specific Antibodies Non - Specific Antibodies against T. pallidium against T. pallidium
THANK THANK YOU!!!!YOU!!!!
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