rebellions against british in indian-subcontinent: causes and consequences

Good Morning Everybody

Welcome to Our Presentation

Prepared By

Mohaiminul Islam (141509)

Presented ToKhan Mehedi HasanAssistant Professor

Economics DisciplineKhulna University

Khulna-9208

Rebellion Against British: Causes and

Consequences

Background Vasco da Gama, was the first European to reach India by sea,

linking Europe and Asia for the first time by ocean route, as well as linking the Atlantic and the Indian oceans entirely (1497–1499).

His discovery was significant and opened the way for an age of global imperialism and for the Portuguese to establish a long-lasting colonial empire in Asia.

Then They were followed by the Dutch, French and the British.

Background In 1600s, the British East India Company (BEIC) established

trading posts at Bombay (Mumbai), Madras (Chennai), and Calcutta.

At first, India’s ruling Mughal Empire kept European traders under control, but already weakened by civil war and misrule, few Indians wished to defend it.

By 1707, however, the Mughal Empire was collapsing. Dozens of small states, each headed by a ruler or maharajah, broke away from Mughal control.

Starting of British Rule

Starting of British RuleBritish claimed the ruling power in Indian sub-continent after their historic win at Plassey’s battle against Nawab Siraj-ud-daulah with the help of Mir Jafar Ali Khan, Jagat Seth and Rai Durlav who on the other hand betrayed Siraj-ud-daulah in the evening of 23 June, 1757. In this way British became rulers of Bengal, richest province of India.

Company Rule 1757-1857 period is known as

Company Rule. Company first took power

indirectly by approving their puppet ruler and then took full control in India from 1764 and continued its rule until 1857.

British Raj The history of the British Raj refers to the period of British

rule on the Indian sub-continent between 1858 and 1947. The system of governance was instituted in 1858 when the rule of the East India Company was transferred to the Crown in the person of Queen Victoria (who in 1876 was proclaimed Empress of India).

It lasted until 1947, when the British provinces of India were partitioned into two sovereign dominion states: the Dominion of India and the Dominion of Pakistan, leaving the princely states to choose between them.

Famous Rebellions against the British

Popular Resistances to Colonial Rule

Battle of Buxar (1764): First campaign against British by Mir Qasim Ali. He didn’t accept British as the ruler of the country.

The Faqir and Sanyasi Rebellions (1770–1820): The Bengal famine of 1770 led peasants whose lands were confiscated, displaced zamindars, disbanded soldiers and poor to come together in a rebellion. They were joined by the Sanyasis and Fakirs.

The Indigo Rebellion (1859-1862): The discontent of the farmers growing indigo was mainly for three reasons: i) They were paid very low prices for growing indigo; ii)Indigo was not lucrative as it was planted at the same time as food crops; iii)And loss of fertility of the soil because of planting indigo.

Popular Resistances to Colonial Rule

Farazi Movement (1838-1848): This was the first ever no-tax campaign against the British led by Shariatullah Khan and Dadu Mian. Their band of volunteers fought heroically with the armed group of Indigo planters and zamindars. It brought together all the cultivators of Bengal against the tyranny and illegal extractions by the landlords.

Sepoy Mutiny (1857): The Sepoy Mutiny was a violent and very bloody uprising against British in India in 1857. Events of 1857 have been considered the first outbreak of an independence movement against British rule.

The Quit India Movement (1942): The Quit India Movement was a Civil Disobedience movement launched by Gandhi for Satyagraha (independence) which was accompanied by a mass protest on non-violent lines.

Some Other Popular Resistances to Colonial Rule

Anglo-mysore Wars (1799 ) Battle of Titumir (19 November 1831) Wahabi Movement (1830-1860) The Santhal Rebellion (1855-57 Garo Rebellion (1860-1870) Munda Rebellion (1899-1900) Non-Cooperation Movement (1920-1922) The Civil Disobedience Movement(1930-1931) Anglo-Maratha Battle

Why Those Movements are Called Popular Resistance

???

Because of……..

Participation of large number of people Sometimes protestants gained temporary victory Message of protestants to the oppressors

Causes of those Rebellions

Political Causes: The nature of colonial expansion became a major source of discontent among the Indian rulers. British wanted to acquire and collect as much wealth for England as they could. Their policy of annexation led to a number of independent kingdoms being annexed to the British Empire. This interference by the East India Company was disliked by many Indians.

Economic Causes: The British came to trade with India but soon decided to exploit and impoverish the country. They tried to take away as much raw material from here as they could. Britishers kept high posts and salaries for themselves. They used political control to increase their trade. All means were used to drain India of her wealth. Since they worked against the interests of Indian trade and industry, Indian handicrafts completely collapsed.

Causes of those Rebellions

Social and Religious Causes: With an objective to convert people the Christian missionaries opened schools and colleges. They also needed a population which was educated and modern enough to buy their goods, but not enough to prove detrimental to British interests. Religious sentiments of the sepoys were hurt. Hindus were asked to remove their caste marks and the Muslims were asked to trim their beards.

Discontent in the Army: Indian soldiers were not given posts above that of subedars. Sometimes they were paid, but most of the time they were not. When soldiers refused to cross the oceans and seas because their religion forbade it, the British were ruthless on them.

Consequences…..

Development in infrastructure Educational Development Social reform Modern Military Development of Railway road Textile Industry and Trade Land Revenue Policy and Land Settlements Commercialization of Agriculture Rise of the New Money-lending Class Transport and Communication British Administration and Judicial System

Consequences…..

And finally India became independent in 1947…

Thank You AllFor Your Patience

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