rapid integrated assessment of food safety related to pork in vietnam: a consumer perspective
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Rapid Integrated Assessment of food safety related to pork in Vietnam:
a consumer perspective
Hung Nguyen-Viet1, Nguyen Tien Thanh1, Dang Xuan Sinh1 Luu Quoc Toan1, Pham Van Hung2, Delia Grace3
1CENPHER, Hanoi School of Public Health, HSPH 2Hanoi University of Agriculture, HUA
3International Livestock Research Institute, ILRI
-
Child Health Status
Child Nutritional (Growth) Status
Animals Owned
Labor Allocated to Livestock
Food Crop Production
HH Crop Consumption
Labor Demands on (Female) Caregiver
Food Crop Purchase
Food Crop sales
HH Income
ASF Purchase
Animals & Product sales
Traction; Nutrient Cycling; Fodder/feed Production
Animal Production
HH ASF Consumption
Level of Care/Feeding practices
Contact Zoonotic Pathogens
Access Health Inputs
Ingestion hazards
+
Participation ASF value chain
Loss of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Pathogen Regulation Services
Modified from Randolph et al., 2007
PIGS
AQUACULTURE
SHEEP & GOATS
DAIRY
Issues and objectives
• Pork contains high levels of pathogens, an issue of growing concern among the public, and policy makers alike.
• To respond to these concerns, rapid integrated assessment (RIA) tool was developed to assess food safety and zoonosis related to pork value chain and tested it in different countries.
• We conducted this RIA of food safety and zoonosis from a consumer perspective and with analysis of biological samples.
Meat expenditures in Vietnam
Pork accounts for 40% of meat expenditures by
Vietnamese household consumers.
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
Current 10% 20% 50% 100%
Fresh pork
Fish
Poultry
Beef
Seafood
Percentage of
consumer expenditure on meat
Projected percentage increase in consumer income
Preferred market outlets for fresh pork
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Hanoi HCMC Overall
Modern retail outlets Permanent open marketTraditional temporary outlet
Traditional market outlets remain the most
preferred purchase outlets for fresh pork
by Vietnamese consumers.
* Hung Yen: Population: 1.1 million
Literacy: 95.8% ; Below poverty: 7.1 (2008)
HDI rank: 24; GDP per capita: $1,986
* Nghe An: 3 million people
Literacy: 94%; Below poverty: 24.9 (2008)
HDI rank: 39; GDP per capita: $1,692
Study sites in Hung Yen and Nghe An province
Focus Group Discussions (FGD)
Regular pork consumers (18 FGDs*7
people)
Pregnant women or mothers of young
children (18 FGDs*7 people)
Information collection Sample collection
50 porks at markets
30 carcass swabs
50 porks at slaughterhouses
WHC (drip loss)
pH TBC and coliforms
ISO:4833 2003 and ISO: 4831-2006
Data analysis
Hung Yen and Nghe An provinces
PRA (FGD) and Biological sampling
Insights from FGD
• Pork is the main meat: eaten daily, represents
50-60% of total ASF consumption.
• Bought from the wet market and quickly
prepared, cooked and consumed.
• High trust in pork safety and quality and
rarely attributed health issues to pork
consumption.
• Raw pork is rarely eaten except for fermented
pork (nem chua).
Insights from FGD
• Main concerns: growth promoters, pork
refresher (chemicals used to make not fresh
pork appear fresh) as well as diseased pork.
• Little knowledge of zoonoses.
• Pork portions perceived as rich in nutrients
were used young children and special care
was given to their preparation, such as
cooking well or making into soup.
Acceptability: nutritious vs delicious pig parts
More delicious Less delicious
More
nutritious
Heart, loin, hock,
ham, spare ribs
Brain
Less nutritious Stomach, belly slice,
rib toast
Bones, skull, tail,
intestines, liver
How often do you buy these? • Two days out of three • One day out of three • One day a month • Less than one day a month
Microbial quality of swab and meat samples
Microbial quality of swab and meat samples in Hung Yen and Nghe An. (*): significant difference (T test, P=0.006) TBC and pH of pork were within the allowable range of standards of Vietnam whereas coliforms exceeded
*
Physico-chemical quality of swab and meat samples
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Hung Yen Nghe An
%
1h 4h 6h
pH variation by time of pork samples (T test, P > 0.05).
WHC variation of pork samples after 48h (T test, P > 0.05).
Within limits– but indicates some problems with excessive stress before slaughter
Conclusion
• Meat is a main animal food source in Vietnam and women are responsible for buying and preparing pork.
• Rapid assessment indicates relatively low risk from pork, in keeping with previous studies.
• Hung Yen slaughterhouses and markets seemed to have better hygienic conditions than Nghe An.
• While trust in pork quality was high, microbial and physico-chemical analyses suggest some problems. (Studies on chemical hazards are ongoing.)
• Consumer beliefs are not well aligned with evidence
Perspective: PigRISK – a food safety risk assessment project in Vietnam
PigRISK: Reducing disease risks and improving food safety in smallholder pig value chains in Vietnam
• To assess impacts of pork-borne diseases on human health and the livestock sector and identify critical points/opportunities for risk management
• To develop and test incentive-based innovations to improve management of human and animal health risks in smallholder pig value chains.
• To sustainably improve capacity to assess and manage risks in smallholder pig value chains by engaging stakeholders and co-generating evidence.
Thank you!
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