racial issues in the 1920’s 13.3. 800,000 african americans migrated north to join the many who...
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Racial Issues in the 1920’s13.3
800,000 African Americans migrated north to join the many who did during WWI
More factory jobs in Northern cities
Large black communities develop in: -Chicago – New York City ––Detroit – Other Northern cities
The Great Migration
Wanted better economic opportunities and less discrimination
Situation better but not perfectBlacks first to lose jobs during
early 1920s recessionViolence – race riots – racial
tension still existed even in North
Harlem Renaissance
A cultural movement that embraced expression and equality for African-Americans
Centered in Harlem, NY-fashion, entertainment, nightlife– Mecca of “The New Negro”
Also influential to Blacks in Paris, Africa, and the Caribbean
Harlem Renaissance “The New Negro Movement”
– Betterment of self, escape segregation and economic depravation
Emphasized racial pride, equality– Challenged racism, stereotypes– Promoted progressivism, socialism,
and integration– A freedom of expression
Themes and characteristics Sociological development,
intellectualism Folk traditions Modern Black life Show humanity Modernism vs. Jazz
Music
Jazz and Blues: emotional, social, innovation
Duke Ellington-The Cotton Club
Louis Armstrong, Billie Holliday
Art Visual, photography,
painting, drawing, acting
• Reality brought to life
• Past experiences• Ambitions, dreams,
goals
Literary Poets, playwrights, novelists, essayists.
– Inspire, influence,Express, progress
• New styles• Imitations of
classic style• Publication
Intellectual W.E.B. Dubois
– Sociologist, writer– NAACP founder; The Crisis
Marcus Garvey– Pan-Africanism-Unite all Africans– Black Nationalism-independent
nation for all Blacks in Africa– UNIA (Universal Negro Improvement
Association) “Back to Africa”
Why The Arts and Literature? Saw them as an agent of
change Means of expression and self-
determination Way to inspire and connect Open doors for new
opportunities
Impact New identity for Blacks-from rural/
undereducated to urban/sophisticated
Players on the world stage Self-determination Set the stage for Civil Rights
Movement Inspiration for people worldwide Movement towards integration
The Return of theKu Klux Klan
Reestablishment of the Klan
1st Klan – 1865 - 1870Reestablished in 1915 William Joseph Simmons –
–Preacher –Brought the Klan back at Stone Mountain, GA
Why did the Klan come back?Racism, industrialization, migration, immigration
Targeted African Americans, Catholics, Jews, and radicals like Communists
Staged mass rallies, kidnappings, beatings, and lynching's
LynchingA form of
violence, usually execution, outside the law to terrorize and intimidate a group of people
The Fall of the KlanRapid Rise – Early 1920sAssisted by film Birth of a Nation– 6 million members in 1924
Rapid Decline – Late 1920s–30,000 members in 1930–Today – 6,000 members
Fall of the KlanDecline Due To:-Negative publicity-D.C. Stevenson Rape Case-Publicity of Klan violence-Some law enforcement crackdowns
-Internal Klan corruption
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