qal imperative, cohortative,

ImperativeImperative CohortativeCohortative JussiveJussive

Simple Simple command or command or

requestrequest

Limited to the Limited to the 22ndnd person person

(“you”)(“you”)

““Do this”Do this”

You will killYou will kill

You will killYou will kill

Wlj.Wlj.q.Tiq.Ti

Ya’ll will killYa’ll will kill

Ya’ll will killYa’ll will kill

ljoq.ljoq.TiTiylij.ylij.

q.Tiq.Tihn"l.hn"l.joq.Tjoq.T

ii

ImperfectImperfect

Wlj.Wlj.qiqi

Kill!Kill!

Kill!Kill!ljoq.ljoq.Kill!Kill!ylij.ylij.

qiqiKill!Kill!hn"l.hn"l.

joq.joq.

ImperativeImperative

The 2ms Imperative often has The 2ms Imperative often has a endinga endinghh

rmrm;v';v'

rmrmov.ov.

hr'hr'm.vm.v

''

“To watch” “You watch!” “You watch!”

Root Imperative

Negative commands Negative commands (prohibitions) use the negative (prohibitions) use the negative

particle with the Imperfect.particle with the Imperfect.

xc'r>Ti xc'r>Ti al{al{

BB Exodus Exodus 20:1320:13Qal imperf

2ms of

xc;r'xc;r'“to kill”

Negative commands Negative commands (prohibitions) use the negative (prohibitions) use the negative

particle with the Imperfect.particle with the Imperfect.

xc'r>Ti xc'r>Ti al{al{

BB Exodus Exodus 20:1320:13

@a'n>Ti @a'n>Ti al{al{

BB Exodus Exodus 20:1420:14Qal imperf

2ms of

@a;n"@a;n"“to commit adultery”

Negative commands Negative commands (prohibitions) use the negative (prohibitions) use the negative

particle with the Imperfect.particle with the Imperfect.

xc'r>Ti xc'r>Ti al{al{

BB Exodus Exodus 20:1320:13

@a'n>Ti @a'n>Ti al{al{

BB Exodus Exodus 20:1420:14

bnOg>Ti bnOg>Ti al{al{

BB Exodus Exodus 20:1520:15Qal imperf

2ms of bbn;n;G'G'

“to steal”

Negative commands Negative commands (prohibitions) use the negative (prohibitions) use the negative

particle with the Imperfect.particle with the Imperfect.

al{al{ la;la;Absolute and permanent prohibition

Immediate and specific

prohibition

“ “"My lord, if now I have found favor in "My lord, if now I have found favor in your sight, please do not pass your your sight, please do not pass your

servant by” (Genesis 18:3).servant by” (Genesis 18:3).

!xe ytiac'm' an"-!xe ytiac'm' an"-~ai yn"doa]~ai yn"doa]l[;me rbo[]t; an"-l[;me rbo[]t; an"-

la; ^yn<y[eB.la; ^yn<y[eB.^D<b.[;^D<b.[;

My LordMy LordififpleasepleaseI foundI foundgracegrace

in your eyesin your eyesdo notdo notpleasepleasego overgo overon byon by

your servantyour servant

And the LORD appeared to him and said, And the LORD appeared to him and said, “Do not go down to Egypt…” (Genesis 26:2).“Do not go down to Egypt…” (Genesis 26:2).

rm,aYOw: rm,aYOw: hw"hy> wyl'ae hw"hy> wyl'ae

ar"YEw:ar"YEw:hm'y>r"c.mi hm'y>r"c.mi drETe-la;drETe-la;

And he And he appearedappeared

to himto himthe Lordthe Lordand he saidand he said

Do notDo notgo downgo down

Qal imperf Qal imperf 2ms of2ms of

dr'y"

(to) Egypt(to) Egypt

Weak forms of Weak forms of the Imperative the Imperative seen on Pages seen on Pages

212-215212-215

ImperativeImperative CohortativeCohortative JussiveJussive

Simple Simple command or command or

requestrequest

Wish, desire, or Wish, desire, or requestrequest

Limited to the Limited to the 22ndnd person person

(“you”)(“you”)

Limited to the Limited to the 11stst person person

(“I” or “we”)(“I” or “we”)

““Do this”Do this” ““Let this be Let this be done”done”

• Looks like the ImperfectLooks like the Imperfect

• Distinguished by its placement Distinguished by its placement in the clausein the clause– When it is first in the clause, it is When it is first in the clause, it is

cohortative (as long as it is not a cohortative (as long as it is not a waw consecutivewaw consecutive

– When it appears later in the When it appears later in the clause, it is a normal imperfectclause, it is a normal imperfect

~d"a' hf,[]n: ~d"a' hf,[]n: ~yhil{a/ ~yhil{a/

rm,aYOw:rm,aYOw:WnteWmd>Ki WnteWmd>Ki Wnmel.c;B.Wnmel.c;B.

And he saidAnd he saidGodGodLet us makeLet us makemanman

in our imagein our imagelike our like our likenesslikeness

Wrm.aYOw: Wrm.aYOw: wD"x.y: ~['h'-lk' wD"x.y: ~['h'-lk'

Wn[]Y:w:Wn[]Y:w:hf,[]n: hw"hy> hf,[]n: hw"hy> rB,DI-rv,a] lKorB,DI-rv,a] lKo

And they And they answeredanswered

AllAllthe peoplethe peopletogethertogetherand they saidand they said

AllAllwhichwhichhe saidhe saidthe Lordthe LordWe will doWe will do

(Imperfect, not (Imperfect, not Cohortative)Cohortative)

The cohortative often attaches The cohortative often attaches a suffix to the end of the a suffix to the end of the

wordwordhh

“And may I keep your law” (Psalm 119:44)

^t.r"At ^t.r"At hr"m.v.a,w>hr"m.v.a,w>

ImperativeImperative CohortativeCohortative JussiveJussive

Simple Simple command or command or

requestrequest

Wish, desire, or Wish, desire, or requestrequest

Wish, request, Wish, request, or commandor command

Limited to the Limited to the 22ndnd person person

(“you”)(“you”)

Limited to the Limited to the 11stst person person

(“I” or “we”)(“I” or “we”)

Limited to the Limited to the 33rdrd person (“he, person (“he, she, or they”)she, or they”)

““Do this”Do this” ““Let this be done”Let this be done”

Looks like the Cohortative Looks like the Cohortative except that it is 3except that it is 3rdrd person person

instead of 1instead of 1stst person person

rx;B'rx;B'

Choose, test, Choose, test, examineexamine

!yBi!yBi

Understand, Understand, perceived, perceived, considerconsider

vr;D'vr;D'

Seek, inquire, Seek, inquire, investigateinvestigate

gr;h'gr;h'

KillKill

#pe#pex'x'

To delight inTo delight in

bAjbAj

GoodGood

vd;q'vd;q'

Be holyBe holy

h[;r'h[;r'

To shepherdTo shepherd

la;v'la;v'

To askTo ask

l[;B;l[;B;

Lord, master, Lord, master, husbandhusband

jb,vejb,ve

Rod, staff, Rod, staff, scepterscepter

d[;B;d[;B;

Behind, Behind, throughthrough

![;y:![;y:

On account ofOn account of

an"an"

PleasePlease