pyramids on the nile. geography of egypt nile river –many settlements –yearly flood
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Pyramids on the Nile
Geography of Egypt
• Nile River– Many settlements– Yearly Flood
Geography of Egypt
• Environmental Challenges– More regular than
Mesopotamia– Waters low silt and
crops down starvation
– Waters high Destroyed homes, seeding
Geography of Egypt
• South (Upper Egypt)• North (Lower Egypt)• Nile Transportation
– Unified villages, promoted trade
King Narmer
• 3000 BC
• United Upper and Lower
• Capital at Memphis
Kingdom of Egypt
• Pharaohs rule as gods
• Egyptians Kings were gods
• Theocracy – Rule based on religious authority
• Pharaohs cause sun to rise, Nile to flood, crops to grow
Pyramids
• Ka – eternal life force
• Tombs important
• Pyramid resting place after death
• Supply of stone granite and limestone
• Reflect strength of Egyptian civilization
Religion
• Polytheistic – Re (Sun), Osiris (Death), Isis (Women)
• Mummification– Canopic jars – brains,
liver, etc.
• Embalming – Salt and baking soda
Social Structure
• Royal Family
• Upper Class (Gov’t officials, priests, military)
• Middle Class (Merchants, artisans)
• Lower Class (Farmers, laborers) Slaves
• Women had many rights
Writing
• Hieroglyphics
• Papyrus
Science and Technology
• Calendar
• Numbers Taxes
• Heart rate, splints
Invaders
• Old Kingdom Ends 2180
• Middle Kingdom 2040-1640
• Hyksos rule 1630-1523– From Palestine
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