pw1 paper writing3
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Review of Paragraph Types
Descriptive: My fantasy roomNarrative: A night of violenceExpositoryA process essay: e.g. successful exerciseAn example essay: Everyday crueltyA cause and effect essay:A necessary decisionA comparing and contrasting essay: Second marriageA defining essay: Football fansA dividing and classifying essay: Mall People
Argumentative: A vote against computersTeenagers and Jobs
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Review of Essay Types
Descriptive: My fantasy roomNarrative: A night of violenceExpositoryA process essay: e.g. successful exerciseAn example essay: Everyday crueltyA cause and effect essay:A necessary decisionA comparing and contrasting essay: Second marriageA defining essay: Football fansA dividing and classifying essay: Mall People
Argumentative: A vote against computersTeenagers and Jobs
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Writing a research Paper
What is it?
A research paper presents and argues athesis, the writers proposition or opinionsynthesizing opinions of other people
It is an analytical and persuasive paper thatevaluate a position.
As a result, it requires the writer to becreative in using facts, details, examples, andopinions of other people to support a point.
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a research Paper
The writer has to be original and inventive indeciding which facts best support the thesisand which ones are superfluous.
When you write a research paper, you haveto read what authorities have written, andwrite a longer composition in which you drawyour own conclusion about the topic.
Since your thesis is fresh and original, youcannot merely summarize what someone elsehas written.
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a research Paper vs a term paper
Instead, you have to synthesizeinformation from many different
sources to create something that is yourown.
A term paper, in contrast, is a collection
of facts. It does not argue a point. Itdoes not persuade readers to think oract in a certain way.
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A term paper
Since it is a summary of informationfrom one or more sources, you are
merely reporting what others have said.Government workers are often asked toprepare term papers with information
on the weather, transportation,economics, etc.
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Good qualities of a researchpaper
1. A clear thesis statement.2. Strong understanding of the topic and
sources used.
3. Evidence that the writer has read widely onthe topic including the recognizedauthorities in the field.
4. Acknowledges the opposition but shows
why the point being argued is more valid.5. The points are organized in a clear and
logical way.
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Differences
Research papers
1. Argue a point.
2. Formulate a thesis.3. Argumentative/
persuasive
4. Evaluate5. Consider why andhow
Term papers
1. Present data.
2. Report what otherssaid.
3. Expository/descriptive
4. Summarizes
5. Consider what
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Examples: Topic is Baseball
There should beinterleague
matches.There should not beinterleaguematches.
The history ofBaseball
The advantages ofplaying baseball
The disadvantagesof playing baseball
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Examples: Topic is Testing
Standardized testsare an accurate
measure of successin college.
Standardized testsare not an accurate
measure of successin college.
Different types ofstandardized tests
The strong points ofstandardized tests
The weak points ofstandardized tests
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Examples: Topic is School
Year round schoolwill raise students
achievement.Year round schoolwill not raisestudents
achievement.
A survey of topicstaught in secondary
school.The types ofstudents enteringthe secondary
schools in Jakarta
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Examples: Topic is Thomas Hardy
Thomas Hardy is thegreatest English
novelist of his era.Thomas Hardy is notthe greatest Englishnovelist of his era.
The chronology ofThomas Hardys life
and writingThe maincharacteristics ofThomas Hardys
novels
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source
Rozakis, Lauria.Schaums Quick Guide
to Writing Great Research Papers.
New York: McGraw Hill, 1999.
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Steps to write a research paper
Select a topic that you can readilyresearch
Limit your topicGather information on your limited topic
Plan your paper
Write the PaperUse an acceptable format and methodof documentation
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Limit your topic
Parenting Successful Families:Fighting for their kids
Books: Moral and Ethical Considerations of Parenting,Stepparenting, Parents and Discipline, Parenting and AdolescentGirls, How Parents Can Protect Their Kids From Violence,Parents Questions About Teenagers Development
Articles: How parents can limit the impact ofTV on kids,Keeping the lines of communication open between parents andteenagers, How much influence parents can have on kids,Secret to raising a successful teen
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Purpose of your paper
Do quite a bit of reading as you work outthe limited focus of your paper.
Two general purposes:1. Make and defend a point: e.g. to provide
evidence that gambling should be legalized.
2. Simply present information about a
particular subject:e.g. describes the latestscientific findings about what happens when wedream.
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5. Write the Paper
Using the note cards, make a final outline(topic or sentence outline)
A topic outline
thesis + words andphrases (see 1993:284; 2005:387-388)
A sentence outline thesis +all supportingideas are written in full sentences
Strive for four bases for effective writing (see1993:119; 2005:136-145)
f ff i
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Four Bases for effectivewriting
1. Unity
2. Support3. Coherence
4. Sentence skills
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2. Support
At least three separate supportingpoints for the thesis statement
Specific evidence for each of thethree supporting points
Plenty of specific evidence for eachsupporting point
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4. Sentence skills
Fragments eliminated
Run-ons eliminated
Correct verb formsSubject and verb agreement
Faulty parallelism & modifiers eliminated
Faulty pronouns eliminatedCapital letters used correctly
Punctuation marks( / /,/:/;/--/ -/ ()/
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Sentence skills
Correct paper format
Needless words eliminated
Correct word choices
Spelling errors checked
Careless errors eliminated trough
proofreading
Sentenced varied
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4.Missing-subject fragments
Alice loved getting weddingpresent. But hated writing thank-
you notes.Mickey has orange soda and potatochips for breakfast. Then eats more
junk food, like root beer andcookies, for lunch.
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Run-ons
It is a two complete thought that arerun together with no adequate sign
given to mark the break between them.Tim told everyone in the room to bequiet his favorite show was on.
Tim told everyone in the room to bequiet, his favorite show was on
6 bl f d
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6. Use an acceptable format andmethod of documentation
See pp. 283-293.
The title should be centered and about one-third down the page
Your name, the title of the course,instructors name and date should be doubledspaced and centered
Outline with the thesis and plan ofdevelopment and details in a hierarchicalorder
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Documentation of sources
A simplified one used by the ModernLanguage Association (MLA), a bitdifferent from the APA (AmericanPsychological Association) style
1. Citation within a paper: Name ofAuthor and page #
There is, at present, no centralized statesAngela Browne Miller (4).
There is, at present, no centralized (Miller 4)
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Documentation of sources
Model Entries for a list of works cited, see pp.280-282.
From Websites
Name of Website. Title of article.http://www.findarticles.com/toefl.html.Retrieved July 2005
Name of author. Title of article.http://www.findarticles.com/toefl.html.Retrieved July 2005
http://www.findarticles.com/toefl.htmlhttp://www.findarticles.com/toefl.htmlhttp://www.findarticles.com/toefl.htmlhttp://www.findarticles.com/toefl.html -
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