psychology of learning exp4404 chapter 10: generalization, discrimination, and stimulus control dr....

Psychology of LearningEXP4404

Chapter 10: Generalization, Discrimination, and Stimulus Control

Dr. Steve

Topics Covered

Generalization Measurement Semantic Generalization

Discrimination Discrimination Training SD vs. SΔ

Procedures

Stimulus Control Theories of Generalization and Discrimination Analysis of Behavior

Generalization

Generalization

Classical Conditioning

Operant Conditioning

Generalization is vital to learning and survival and crucial to research

Increase generalization by learning or practicing in a variety of settings

Generalization

Generalization Gradient

Generalization

Primary vs. Secondary Generalization Primary-

Secondary

Generalization

Semantic Generalization

Generalization

Generalization of behaviors following punishment or extinction

Inhibitory generalization

Generalization

S-

Resp

onse

s

Discrimination

Discrimination Training

Training procedure:1. Acquisition of response in one situation

1. Extinction of response in all other situations

Discrimination Training Methods Successive Discrimination Training

Simultaneous Discrimination Training

Matching to Sample

Oddity Matching

Discrimination

Discrimination Training

Discrimination

S+

S-

Video example discrimination training to encourage stair use

Discrimination

Errorless Discrimination Training

Differential Outcome Effect

Stimulus Control

Stimulus Control

Stimulus ControlImprecise PreciseGeneralization Discrimination

Stimulus Control

Variables that effect stimulus control (Generalization vs. Discrimination) Practice

Schedule of Reinforcement

Delay of Reinforcement Goal of Training

Generalization Discrimination

Theories of Generalization & Discrimination

Discrimination Training characterized by:

Theories of Generalization & Discrimination

Peak Shift

S-

Behavioralcontrast

Theories of Generalization & Discrimination

Pavlov’s Theory

The more closely a neutral stimulus resembles a CS+,

If neutral stimulus resembles CS-,

Spence’s Theory

(excitatory gradient) (inhibitory gradient) (algebraic summation)

Theories of Generalization & Discrimination

Inhibitory Gradient

Peak Shift

P(Response)

S-S+

750500250 1000 Hz

Net GradientExcitatory Gradient

Lashley-Wade Theory

Theories of Generalization & Discrimination

Kohler’s Relational Theory

Transpositional Effect

Theories of Generalization & Discrimination

S+ S-DiscriminationTraining

Learned “lighter than”

Analysis of Behavior

Mental Rotation or Discrimination Training?

Smoking Relapse

Analysis of Behavior

Experimental Neuroses

Type of learned helplessness E.g., child who can’t figure out how to please mother

(what is considered a properly made bed)

Analysis of Behavior