psychodynamic theories cognive social personality
Post on 06-Feb-2022
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Personality
*Anindividual’suniquepa0ernofthoughts,feelings,andbehaviorsthatpersistsover9me
andacrosssitua9ons.
PsychodynamicTheories
Humanis9cTheories
TraitTheoryCogni9veSocial
LearningTheories
IssuesinPersonality
1.Free will or determinism? 2.Nature or nurture?
3.Past, present, or future?
4.Uniqueness or universality?
5.Equilibrium or growth?
6.Op?mism or pessimism?
PsychodynamicTheories
Behavioristheproductofpsychologicalforceswithintheindividual,oMenoutsideofconsciousawareness
CentralTenets
1) Muchofmentallifeisunconscious.Peoplemaybehaveinwaystheythemselvesdon’tunderstand.
2) Mentalprocessesactinparallel,leadingtoconflic9ngthoughtsandfeelings.
3) Personalitypa0ernsbegininchildhood.Childhoodexperiencesstronglyaffectpersonalitydevelopment.
4) Mentalrepresenta9onsofself,others,andrela9onshipsguideinterac9onswithothers.
5) Thedevelopmentofpersonalityinvolveslearningtoregulateaggressiveandsexualfeelingsaswellasbecomingsociallyindependentratherthandependent.
SigmundFreudNeo‐Freudians
SigmundFreud
SigmundFreud
• ThehumanPERSONALITYisanenergysystem.• Itisthejobofpsychologytoinves9gatethechange,transmissionandconversionofthis‘psychicenergy’withinthepersonalitywhichshapeanddetermineit.
TheseDrivesarethe‘Energy’
StructureoftheMind
– Id– Super‐ego– Ego
Id• Existsen9relyintheunconscious(soweareneverawareofit).
• Ourhiddentrueanimalis9cwantsanddesires.
• WorksonthePleasure Principle
• Avoidpainandreceiveinstantgra9fica9on.
Ego
• Nego9atesbetweentheIdandtheenvironment.
• DevelopsaMertheId.• WorksontheReality Principle.
• Inourconsciousandunconsciousminds.
• Itiswhateveryoneseesasourpersonality.
Ifyouwanttobewithsomeone.Youridsaysjusttakethem,butyouregodoesnotwanttoendupinjail.Soyouaskheroutinstead.
Superego
• Itisourconscience(whatwethinkthedifferenceisbetweenrightandwrong)
• Developslastatabouttheageof5
• TheegooMenmediatesbetweenthesuperegoandid.
Unconscious
WhathappenswhentheIdandSuper‐egocan’treconcile?
• Thepsychicenergyhastogosomewhere!• Idwon’tletitgo.• Super‐egowon’tletithappen.• Toprotectitselftheorganismemploysdefensemechanisms.
Defensemechanisms
Denial:refusaltoacknowledgeapainfulorthreateningreality.
Repression:excludepainfulthoughtsorfeelingsw/orealizing
Projec9on:a0ribu9ngownfeelingsonothers.
Regression:reverttochildlikebehavior
Reac9onForma9on:exaggeratedlyoppositeideasandemo9ons.
Displacement:redirec9onofrepressedmo9vesorfeelingsontosubs9tuteobjects.
Sublima9on:transformingrepressedmo9vesorfeelingsintomoresociallyacceptedforms.
Intellectualiza9on‐undertakinganacademic,unemo9onalstudyofatopic.
Ra9onaliza9on‐comingupwithabeneficialresultofanundesirableoutcome.
ThinlineBetweentheconsciousandunconscious
• Some9mesourunconsciousthoughts,etcslipintotheconscious.
• How?– “Freudianslips”– Dreams
– Humor
Sohowdoesthisplayout?• Humansaredrivenbythedesireforbodilysexualpleasure(libido)–itgetsreleasedfromdifferentcentersatdifferent9mes.
• Buttheparentsactasthesocialcoerciontobalancethesedesires.–‘Super‐egogivers.’
• Developmentistheresolu9onofaseriesofconflicts.
Sohowdoesthisplayout• “Psychosexual”Stagesofdevelopment– Oral:0–18months
• Sucking(Weaning)• Fixa9on–GullibleorCynical
– Anal:18months–3• Defeca9on(Po0ytraining)• Fixa9on–SelfDestruc9vevs.AnalReten9ve
– Phallic:3‐5/6• Genitals(OedipusandElectraComplex/Castra9onAnxiety)
Sohowdoesthisplayout– Latency5/6–12/13
• alllibidinalac9vityissuppressed.
– GenitalStage–Topubertyandbeyond!• genitalsandorgasm.• Focusedonreproduc9on
OedipusComplex
• PhaseOne– Boyhasalibidinalbondwiththemother(breast
feedingandmotherasprimarycaregiver)– Paralleltothis,theboybeginstoiden9fywith
hisfather,thefigureparalleltohimintermsofbiologicalsex.(Iden9fica9onwiththefather'sroleas"lover"ofmother.)
– Inthisphase,these2rela9onshipexistside‐by‐sideandinrela9veharmony.
OedipusComplex
• Boy’sfeelingsIntensify• Seesthefatherasanobstacleandarivalwho
hedesirestogetridofortokill.• Worriesthefatherwillcastratehim.• Boyisnever100%hos9le.Hekeepsthe
iden9fica9onsoheistorn–ambivalence• Boyhopefullyturnshispsychicenergyinto
full‐oniden9fica9onwiththefather.“Can’tbeat’em,join’em.”
• Boyismasculinized,eventuallyseekshisownsexualpartner
TheElectraComplex
• Butwhataboutgirls?• Duringthephallicstagethedaughterbecomesa0achedtoher
fatherandmorehos9letowardshermother.• Believesthatmomisresponsibleforhernothavingapenis.• Thisisduemostlytotheideathatthegirlis"envious"ofher
father'spenisthustheterm"penis‐envy".• Thisleadstoresentmenttowardshermother,whothegirl
believescausedhercastra9on.
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