psyc 200 week #3 apa in-text citations & references (cont’d), headings, & the main parts...
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PSYC 200Week #3APA In-Text Citations & References (cont’d),
Headings,
& The Main Parts of a Manuscript
Agenda Roll call Return Essay #1 Citations and References Some quick and dirty grammar Manuscript components (Part 1)
Assignments Recap Reading assignment
Gram ch 3 – 6 APA ch 7
Essay #1 Graded
Essay #1 – Common Issues Missing title at start of text (body) Wrong font in headers Extra space b/w paragraphs Lack of introduction and/or conclusion You can’t use contractions in APA
Proofing / Grading Marks Insertion: Deletion: remove this , Switch: order switch Para. Lowercase / uppercase Word choice (W.C.) Awkward / Unclear Colloquial
^ ^, _
Looking at changes / comments on electronic docs For docs turned in electronically, I will turn
on “track changes” in Word and leave comments.
Demonstration
POP QUIZ https://docs.google.com/document/edit?id=1U
FoVZBx5EN15AUHLmabuc_pZJROeu6OnUDIOgSJQSJ8#
https://docs.google.com/document/edit?id=1jbCHVuJrd17beWBVb7mV3xzfiie9WPiILybXKw8X0Tg&hl=en#
APA Style – Nice BodyIn-text citations
In-Text Citations Indicate the source(s) (authors, articles, etc.)
of a piece of information. Frequently occur in the intro of a paper. Use any time you quote, paraphrase, or
otherwise use or discuss someone else’s idea in your writing.
If you don’t cite, you plagiarize (unless common knowledge).
THE COMMON KNOWLEDGE TEST
To cite or not to cite…
To cite or not to cite? The world is round The world is 7926 miles in
diameter. Freud is the father of
modern psychology Many people struggle with
loneliness.
Taking a survey on the internet is the same as on paper.
Washington had wooden dentures
Not cite Cite (about.com) Cite (an incorrect opinion—
not fact) Not cite (unless you have a
source that backs you up) Cite
Cite source of
myth
Components of a Citation Author(s)
Last name(s) only for citations Year of publication Page number, if you are using a direct quote
If the document is not paged, give paragraph number (para. 5)
One Author First use:
Smith (1999) found that youth... ...more likely to engage in substance use (Smith, 1999).
Second and subsequent use in same paragraph: Smith also found that...... However, Smith also found... ...are at greater risk (Smith, 1999).
First in a new paragraph: Smith (1999)...
Two Authors First use:
Nation and Heflinger (2006) define ...exposed to risk factors (Nation & Hiflinger, 2006).
Subsequent use in same paragraph: Nation and Heflinger explain.... ...risk factors are compounded (Nation & Heflinger, 2006)
First use in a new paragraph: Nation and Heflinger (2006)
Three, Four, and Five Authors First use:
De Kemp, Scholte, Overbeek, and Engels (2006) ... ...related to increased delinquency (De Kemp, Scholte,
Overbeek, & Engels, 2006) Second use:
De Kemp et al. (2006)... ...association with deviant peers (De Kemp et al., 2006)
Subsequent use in same paragraph: De Kemp et al. found that.... ...in youth (De Kemp et al., 2006).
First use in a new paragraph: De Kemp et al. (2006)...
Microsoft Word Document
Six or More Authors First use:
Jones et al. (2003) examined.... ...are more likely to see a difference (Jones et al.,
2003) Subsequent use in same paragraph:
Jones et al. found ...greater understanding (Jones et al., 2006)
First use in a new paragraph: Jones et al. (2003)
Different Sources That Could Be Confused When Shortened
Jones, Jackson, Martin, Howard, and Simms (1999) Jones et al. (1999)
Jones, Madison, Howard, and Brown (1999) Jones et al. (1999)
Jones, Jackson, et al. (1999) Jones, Madison, et al. (1999)
More Than One Source ... interactions between youth and their
parents (De Kemp, Scholte, Overbeck, & Engles, 2006; Mount & Steinberg, 1995; Walker-Barnes & Mason, 2001; Walker-Barnes & Mason, 2004).
The order of authors in parenthetical citations is alphabetical (identical to the reference page).
Secondary Sources Citing a document implies that you HAVE
READ the original work (APA, 2010) Did you actually read the original reference?
Smith (1978) originally found that...is more likely (as cited in James & Andrews, 2001)
Don’t include Smith’s article on your reference page.
Quotations When quoting from a source, “if the quotation
comprises fewer than 40, incorporate it into text and enclose with double quotation marks” (APA, 2010, p. 170).
Quotes in the middle of a sentence have (p. #) directly after the quote
Quotations Quotes with 40 or more words appear as an
indented block.
The citation information follows the punctuation of the quote.
Microsoft Word Document
Other Citation Hints Articles don’t say anything—authors do.
Don’t say, The article found that… Do say, Jones (2010) found
Don’t overload your reader with citations. You should only be presenting ideas that are relevant to your topic.
Practice…
Practice 1 Authors:
Seth D. Gosling Orlando P. John Kendra H. Craik Robin Wright Robins
Year: 1998 Situation: 1st parenthetical citation in paper
(Gosling, John, Craik, & Robins, 1998)
Practice 1a Authors:
Seth D. Gosling Orlando P. John Kendra H. Craik Robin Wright Robins
Year: 1998 Situation: 1st parenthetical citation in new
paragraph (already cited in paper)
(Gosling et al., 1998)
Practice 1b Authors:
Seth D. Gosling Orlando P. John Kendra H. Craik Robin Wright Robins
Year: 1998 Situation: 2nd citation in paragraph, in-text
Gosling et al. found…
Practice 2 Authors:
Seth D. Gosling Orlando P. John
Year: 1998 Situation: 2nd citation in paragraph, in-text
Gosling and John found…
FORMATTING REFERENCE ENTRIES
Italicize, don’t italicize, period, abbreviate, parenthesize, period, pp., hyphenate, Italicize, don’t italicize, period, abbreviate, parenthesize, period, pp., hyphenate, Italicize, don’t italicize, period, abbreviate, parenthesize, period, pp., hyphenate, Italicize, don’t italicize, period, abbreviate, parenthesize, period, pp., hyphenate,
Reference Page Format Rules Put the word References centered at top of new
page Start references next Each new reference is a new, hanging indent
paragraph. Place references in alphabetical order Each citation must have reference and vice versa
This is an example of a hanging indent paragraph. In Word, go to Paragraph, Special Indent, and select Hanging.
Components of a Reference Author’s or authors’ name(s) Year of publication Article or Chapter Title Journal or Book Title Volume Number Issue Number Location of Publication
City, State or City, Country outside of US DOI or web address or database name
Publisher Information
Journal Article Author, A. A. (YEAR). Title of the journal article. Title of The Journal, xx(#), pp-pp. If retrieved electronically
doi:xxx.xxxxx.xx/xxxor URL of journal home pageRetrieved from http://www.journal.edu/ref/filenameor Retrieved from Name of database
Last name and initials.
In parentheses, end with pd.
Sentence caps, end in pd.
Title caps, italicized
Italicized In parentheses
Start pg., hyphen, end pg., period
Best, T. (2010). Effects of name referents on childhood experiences. Journal of Adlerian Psychopathology, 6(7), 22-33. doi:10.11….
Journal Article Exercise Author: Tegan Best Published in 2010 Title of article: Effects of Name Referents on
Childhood Experiences. Title of journal: Journal of Alderian Psychopathology,
volume 6, issue 7, pages 22 to 33 Identifier: 10.1177/0093854806286208
An Entire Book Author, A. A. (YEAR). Title of the book. City, State or Country (outside of US):
Publisher.
A Chapter in a Book Author, A. A. (YEAR). Title of the chapter. In A. Editor & B. Editor (Eds.), Title of the book (pp. xx-xx). City, State: Publisher.
Technical or Research Report Author, A. A. (YEAR). Title of report (Report No. XXXX). City, State: Publisher
or Retrieved from Agency Site:
http://agency.gov/location/filename
Microsoft Word Document
APA HEADINGS STYLE GUIDELINES
Using Headings Headings are used to create sections Improves sense of organization Improves accessibility of information Simple transition between major parts of
paper Heading styles are codified
APA Headings (APA p. 62-63)
Centered Title Caps (b)
Left Title Caps (b)
Indented sentence caps ending w/ pd. (b)
Indented sentence caps ending w/ pd. (b,i)
Indented, sentence caps ending w/ pd. (i)
PARTS OF APA MANUSCRIPT REVISITED
The parts of an APA manuscript Title Page Abstract Body
Literature review Method Results Discussion
References Tables Figures Appendices
Review General guidelines Title page Abstract
Body Purpose:
The “meat” of your article. You want to share your experiences, knowledge, opinions with the world.
Formatting: Title centered at top of first page Double space, indent, and begin your text
Content: Discuss all necessary aspects of your topic {see next slide}
Body – Experimental / Research Paper Introduction
Purpose: Identify previous work in the field relating to your
topic / study Formatting:
NO heading (e.g., “Introduction”) to start May use headings to separate sections
Body – Experimental / Research Paper Introduction (cont’d)
Content Lit review
Cite previous scientific work related to your article Logical (usually not chronological) order
Purpose of study What are you trying to accomplish / investigate?
Body – Experimental / Research Paper Introduction (cont’d)
Content (cont’d) Theoretical issues
How does your article impact the field? How has previous work in the field influenced your article?
Definitions of variables What do you mean by, “depression” or “efficient time use”?
Statement of hypotheses What do you expect to find, given the previous work in the
field and your own personal twist?
Body – Literature Review Paper Introduction
Content Theoretical issues
What previous work has been done in this topic? Is there any controversy / disagreement about this topic? What are the opposing view points?
Definitions of variables What do you mean by, “depression” or “efficient time use”?
Body – Experimental / Research Paper Other Components of the Body
Method Section Results Section Discussion Section
{to be continued…}
Review and Next Steps Review Next week assignments
Single-article review (under Syllabus section of WebTycho)
Reading from both Gramlich and APA APA Scavenger Hunt **Print Copies** (will
be posted on Week 4 course content)
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