proven strategies and key concepts to develop successful ...•sel powermax® microgrid controller...
Post on 13-May-2020
12 Views
Preview:
TRANSCRIPT
Proven Strategies and Key Concepts to Develop Successful
Microgrid Control Systems
Abdel Rahman Khatib, PhD, PE, IEEE SMSenior Power System EngineerSEL Engineering Services, Inc.
• SEL POWERMAX® microgrid controller
• High-speed interface electronics
• SEL-751 Feeder Protection Relays and programming
• Model ported to HIL test system
• Pullman factory acceptance tests (FATs)
• Integration support for MIT LL HIL Simulator
SEL’s Contribution to the MIT Lincoln Laboratory Symposium
DMS
Modbus
Modbus
Woodward easYgenWoodward easYgen EPC InverterEPC Inverter
HIL Model
Macrogrid
Banshee
Microgrid
Loads
LoadsLoads LoadsLoads LoadsLoadsPV +
BESS
PV +
BESS
SDG CHP
PCC1 PCC2 PCC3
HIL System
MGC System
DER Interface High-Speed
HIL Interface
SEL-3555
ModbusSEL-751SEL-751
SEL-2440
24 V
TTL
24 V
TTL
SEL-2440
24 V
TTL
Protective Relay at PCCProvides ~50 Percent of Control Functionality
Grid reconnection
Unintentional islanding
Protection for expensive assets
IEEE 1547 compliance
Metering
Pass-through control
Macrogrid
Microgrid
SEL-751
Trip / ClosePCC
DERs SEL-3555
Microgrid
Control System
Trip / CloseTrip / CloseTrip / Close
Macrogrid
Microgrid
SEL-751
Trip / ClosePCC
DERs SEL-3555
Microgrid
Control System
Loads
• Load shedding
• Intentional islanding
• PCC dispatch
• PF control
• Voltage regulation
• Frequency regulation
Microgrid Controller Load Shedding, Dispatch, and Islanded Regulation
Grid-Tied
Operation
Islanded
Operation
Controller
ReconnectionUnintentional
Islanding
PCC Relay
Relays and Controllers Work Together
Normal
Loading
PCC
V
– pf)
I
I
(+0.8 pf)
Loads
High Current
Low Voltage
Normal Load Angle
Trip PCC
Fast (67)
Example: Directional Current Protection (67)Opens PCC During Short-Circuit Conditions
ImportExport
– pf)I
I (+0.8 pf)
FaultFAULTI
Trip PCC
Fast (67)
LoadsLoads
LoadsLoads
PCC
SEL-751
MIT LL Simulated Utility Disconnection Event What the Relay Recorded!
Fault
Starts
Relay
Trips Load Current
Interrupted
Frequency Recovers!
MGC
Sheds
Load
CB
Opens
Microgrid Resiliency Requires FAST Load Shedding
Problem to Mitigate Load-Shedding Speed
Frequency collapse FAST
Voltage collapse FAST
DERs out of step FAST
DER overload SLOW
Synchronization assist SLOW
PCC curtailment SLOW
PCC demand charge avoidance SLOW
Subcycle
(faster than 16 ms)
Slow
(~1 second)
Make Sure Your Controller Is Up to the Task
1,000160
120
80
40
01 10 100 1,000 10,000
Quantity of IEDs
Lo
ad
-Sh
ed
Tim
e (
ms)
Microgrid Controllers
Programmable
Logic Controller
(PLC) Solutions
Process Control Systems
Macrogrid
Microgrid
Loads
LoadsLoads LoadsLoads LoadsLoadsPV +
BESS
PV +
BESS
SDG CHP
PCC1 PCC2 PCC3
The Ultimate: Triple Seamless Islanding Event!Only Possible With Integrated Relays and Controllers
59.84
59.88
59.92
59.96
60
60.04
12000 14000 16000 18000 20000
Fre
q (
Hz)
VAB (rms)
V vs. Hz
Defense in Depth Helps
Ensure Security
Visualization, Economic
Optimization, Engineering Tools
Gateway / Firewall
Microgrid Controller
Current and
Voltage Transformers
Circuit
Breakers
Power Generation
Controllers
Protective
RelaysRemote I/O
Metering and
Power Quality
Level 0: Physical
Level 1: Protection
Level 2: Automation
Level 3: Access
Level 4: SCADA
Firewall Level 5: Perimeter
Business Systems Level 6: People
Security Requires More Than Just Layers
Operating system
Minimal software
Mature processes
Vertical integration
Cybersecurity
MacrogridMacrogrid
MicrogridMicrogrid
SEL-751
SEL-3555
DERDER
DV, Slip
Dispatch
Simple Grid Reconnecting MethodWorks With All DERs
δ (slip)
δ
V
VMACROGRID
VMICROGRID
Challenges
Needed energy storage to prevent blackouts
Required international coordination between Mexico and U.S.
Solutions
Fast control enabled better power quality and reliability
Automated resource sharing scheme developed between Mexico and U.S.
Innovative Approach for Community Microgrid
Courtesy of U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
Resilient and Reliable Power in the Bering SeaSaint Paul Island, Alaska
Rugged and Economical for Restricted Budgets
Challenges
Mixture of DERs
Potential for catastrophic effects from misoperation
Cost-effective solution in line with DOE requirements
Solutions
Validated models
HIL testing of all scenarios
Commercial, off-the-shelf, utility-grade hardware
Campus-Wide Energy AssuranceUniversity of California, San Diego
Courtesy of UC San Diego Publications
Challenges
Keeping critical research facilities online
High penetration of energy storage and renewables
Campus-wide monitoring and synchronization
Solutions
Seamless islanding with subcycle control
Extensive resource modeling and testing
SCADA and integrated synchrophasors
Perfect Fit for a Turnkey Solution
top related