proteins. amino acid monomers to proteins amino acids linked together long chains of amino acids...

PROTEINS

Amino acid monomers to proteins

Amino acids linked togetherLong chains of amino acids linked together in a specific order make a specific protein.

Elements of proteins

• Carbon

• Hydrogen

• Oxygen

• Nitrogen

• (and sometimes Sulfur)• Protein comes from the Greek word protos,

meaning "first." These nutrients are the basic elements of living cells, of first importance.

Some Amino Acids like Methionine requiresulfur as well as CHON.

PROTEIN MONOMERS = AMINO ACIDS What is the same about each…What is different?

The amino acidAlanine

The amino acid Serine

Amino acid with the “R”Group not specified

Draw one example

The different “R” groups give different amino acids different characteristics.

3 MAIN JOBS OF PROTEINS•Structure•Enzymes (affect rate of reactions)•Transport (protein channels & hormones)

3 MAIN JOBS OF PROTEINS

1.Structuresome proteins provide structural support: collagen, hair

2.Enzymes (affect rate of reactions)

Enzymes speed up reactions.

Enzymes only work in a narrow rangeOf PH and Temperature.

pH refers to how many hydrogen ions a substance has.

pH refers to how many hydrogen ions pH refers to how many n a substancAcids have lots of H ions.

Hydrochloric acid in our stomach has….__________ of _________ _Ions__.

If something is acid its pH number is a number below 7.

Acids and Bases

An acid produces H+ A base absorbs H+

3.Transport (protein channels)Transport molecules across cell membranes.

Hormones serve as chemical messengers, carrying signals from one part of the body to another.

3.Transport

Hormones

Some hormones are proteins; insulin and growth hormones are 2 examples.

Hemoglobin protein transports oxygen in red blood cells.

Organic CompoundName

& elements they are made of

PolymerName

(common and scientific if they are different)

Food that has a lot of

this nutrient 

MonomerName

Function of Monomer in the body

 Name

ProteinElements CHONS 

Common

  ProteinScientific

Polypeptide

Meat, Fish, Eggs, Milk Soy, Nuts,Beans & riceTofu & squash

 Amino Acid

 Structure-muscle, skin, organs, cornea, and cartilage + more Enzymes – speed up chemical reactions (only work in narrow range of temperature and pH)Transport- Protein channels in cell membranes, hemoglobin in red blood cells carry oxygen.

We saw how different proteins have different jobs, but how are different proteins made?

Just like letters of the alphabet can make thousands of words.

RAT

TAR

ITS

SIT

20 different amino acid monomers can make thousands of different proteins…

20 different amino acid monomers

can make thousands of different proteins…

Which protein is made depends on …

1. Which amino acids it is made of

2. What order the amino acids are in.

Instructions for arranging amino acids into proteins are found in the DNA.

5 functions of proteins in plants & animals

• Controls rates of reactions (enzymes)• Regulate cell processes • Cell repair• Transports materials in and out of cells• Fights diseaseAnimals also use proteins to form bones

and muscles, supplying raw materials

Foods rich in proteins

• Meat, fish, eggs• Milk, nuts, soy

products• These contain

the 8 AA not made in your body

You can test for proteinusing biuret.Negative=bluePositive = purple

Warning disturbing pictures

What happens when you don’t get enough?

• A deficiency of protein in the diet leads to

• 1. Weight loss• 2. Anemia • 3. Swollen abdomen • 4. Graying of hair • 5. Slow healing of wounds• 6. Decreased resistance

to diseases • 7. Muscular pain • 8. Overall retarded growth