protein synthesis. transcription dna mrna occurs in the nucleus translation mrna trna aa occurs...

Protein Synthesis

Protein Synthesis

Protein Synthesis

TranscriptionDNA mRNA

Occurs in the nucleus

TranslationmRNA tRNA AA

Occurs at the ribosome

RNA and DNA Compared

Triplets (Codons)

Genetic Code

Transcription

InitiationPromoter

TATA BoxInitiation Site

RNA PolymeraseAUG

Elongation

RNA Polymerase

Adds nucleotides to the 3’ end

Termination

Proceeds until RNA polymerase transcribes a terminator sequence

UAA

UAG

UGA

RNA Processing

5’ guanine cap

3’ Poly (A) tail

RNA Splicing

Introns

Exons

Introns????

Regulation

One gene can code for alternate polypeptides

EvolutionDomains – structural and functional regions

Translation

tRNA

Aminoacyl-tRNA

Synthetase

Ribosomes

Small subunit

Large subunitP site (peptidyl-tRNA)

A site (Aminoacyl-tRNA)

E site (Exit site)

Transcription

Initiation

The first tRNA with its AA attaches to the mRNA and the small subunit

The first tRNA and its AA enters the P site

Elongation

The second tRNA and its AA enters the A site

A peptide bond forms

Elongation

Translocation

The third tRNA and its AA enters the A site

A peptide bond forms

Termination

Polyribosomes

Point Mutation

Point Mutation

Base Pair Substitution

Frame ShiftMutation

Base Pair Insertion or Deletion