properties of matter science matter: it’s what the world’s made of

Properties of MatterScience

Matter:

It’s what the world’s made of.

What do you know about matter?

SolidsLiquids

GassesPlasma

Solids Solids hold their own

shape. Solids have weight. Solids take up space.

Liquids

Liquids take the shape of their container.

Liquids have weight. Liquids take up space.

!

Gases

Gases spread out to fill the entire space given.

Gases have weight. Gases take up

space.

Plasma

Lightning is a plasma. Used in fluorescent light

bulbs and Neon lights. Plasma is a lot like a

gas, but the particles are electrically charged.

STATES of matter?

What would it take for matter to move from one state to another?

Energy determines the state!

Particles in Solids: Are packed tightly

together

Have very little energy

Particles in Liquids: Are loosely packed

Have medium energy levels

Particles in Gases: Move freely

Have LOTS of energy

Particles in Plasma: Are electrically

charged

Have EXTREMELY high energy levels

Mixtures may be in different phases

Solid? Liquid? Gas? Plasma?

Add or Subtract Energy. . .

When energy is added, particles move faster!

When energy is taken away, particles move slower!

What will happen? Why?

Solid + Energy = ?

When energy is added to solids, they become liquids!

Examples?

Liquid + Energy = ?

When energy is added to liquids, they become gases!

What examples can you think of?

Changing States

There are several names for matter changing states:

State change

Phase change

Physical change

So, did we get something new?

Ice cream and melted ice cream? Chocolate and melted chocolate? Ice, water, and water vapor? Steel and molten steel?

Physical Properties

Physical Properties A characteristic of a substance that can be

observed or measured without changing the substance

Ex: shape, color, length, mass, volume, density, odor, texture, states of matter, melting and boiling point

Weight Weight measure the gravitational force measure the gravitational force exerted on an object. Can be exerted on an object. Can be

expressedexpressed

in either newtons and/or pounds.in either newtons and/or pounds.

Inertia the tendency of all objects to resist any change in motion. Mass is a measure of inertia.

Measuring Volume Volume = length x width x

height (cm³)

Look at the meniscus when measuring liquid in a graduated cylinders, beakers, measuring cups, etc...

Displacment: measure the liquid Put irregular object in the container Measure liquid Subtract

Finish – Start = volume

Pretend you can only feel the object in the bag. Can you guess what it is?

Some Physical Properties: round

smooth hardabout the size of your fist

Click here for mystery object.

?

Thermal

Density

Solubility

State

Ductility

Malleability

Physical Changes

Physical Changes do not change the composition. The substance may look different but the identity does not change Grinding Cutting Coloring Dissolving Changes in the state

***Can usually be changed back***

Chemical Properties

Chemical Properties Any characteristic that gives a substance the

ability to undergo a change that results in a new substance

Ex: Flammability,

Ability to react with: oxygen, electricity, light, water, heat etc

Chemical Properties The ability to

change into a new matter with different properties.

Reactivity

Nonreactivity

Flammability

Nonflammability

¿What’s the difference?

Physical Properties - Can be measured or observed. Do NOT change the chemical nature of matter properties.

Chemical Properties –Describes how something will react. DO change the chemical nature of matter properties

Chemical Changes

Chemical Changes are changes in the identity of a substance due to the chemical properties Bubbles Color change (why did it change color?) Production of Heat or Cold Production of Light Production of Smoke Formation of a new substance

Cannot usually be changed back

Make a T chart in your spiralClassify each of the following as physical or chemical

Gas production Tarnishing

Souring Expanding

Cooling Heating

Digesting Rusting

Denting Squeezing

Sawing Light production

Burning Dissolving

Stretching Rotting

Cutting Change of temperature

Melting Freezing

New substance Mixing

Drying Contracting

Make a T chart in your spiralClassify each of the following as physical or chemical

C Gas production

C Tarnishing

C Souring

P Expanding

P Cooling P Heating

C Digesting C Rusting

P Denting P Squeezing

P Sawing C Light production

C Burning P Dissolving

P Stretching C Rotting

P Cutting C Change of temperature

P Melting P Freezing

C New substance P Mixing

P Drying P Contracting

Changes in Energy Endothermic – energy is absorbed from the

surroundings – temperature decreases Ex: Ice Melting

Exothermic – energy is released into the surroundings – temperature increases water freezing

Classify the Following as Endothermic or Exothermic

Burning a match Exothermic

Photosynthesis Endothermic

Condensation on a window Exothermic

Classify the Following as Endothermic or Exothermic

Candle Flame flickering Exothermic

Evaporation of water Endothermic

Melting an ice cream cone Endothermic

Classify the Following as Endothermic or Exothermic

Cooking an Egg Endothermic

Freezing dinner Exothermic

Baking Bread Endothermic

Classify the Following as Endothermic or Exothermic

ExothermicEndothermic

Rate of Reaction

Reactions can vary in speed Changes in Size, Concentration and

Temperature can change reaction speed

Catalysts speed up reactions Inhibitors slow them down

Law of Conservation of Mass

Matter cannot be created or destroyed In other words, the mass you end up with

is always the same as what you start with

Then where does the mass go sometimes? Ex: Wood for a campfire