promoting gender for peace building: reflection on peacekeeping in haiti

Promoting Promoting gender for gender for

peace peace building:building:

Reflection on Reflection on peacekeeping peacekeeping

in Haitiin Haiti

Promoting Promoting gender for gender for

peace peace building:building:

Reflection on Reflection on peacekeeping peacekeeping

in Haitiin Haiti

Baudouine KamatariBaudouine KamatariSenior Gender Advisor & Chief, Gender UnitSenior Gender Advisor & Chief, Gender Unit

MINUSTAH MINUSTAH April 26, 2012April 26, 2012Buenos AiresBuenos Aires

Presentation

•Haitian Context

•Mission’s Mandate

•Strategies and actions

•Challenges and recommendations

Haitian Demographic Context

A few demographic data:

•Population: 9 800 000

•Density: 352 inh./ km²

•76% of the population

considered as poor

•Life expectancy: 54

Context• 3

Haitian political context:

•Some improvements since the earthquake

•Peaceful democratic transition

•No effective political dialogue between executive and legislative branches– Weakness of national institutions – Fragile security transition– Prevailing culture of violence– Widespread corruption– Criminalization of armed group

Context• 4

•490 000 people in Internally Displaced People camps (from 1 700 000 in february 2010)

•Cholera epidemic (532 000 cases, 7060 deaths)

•High vulnerability to natural disasters

Haitian humanitarian context

Context• 5

Gender - Overview• 6

Gender Considerations: Overview

•Ministry for Women Affairs (1994)

•Allocated 2% of the national budget

•Poverty and discriminations

•CEDAW (1981)

•Women’s organizations

weakened

Gender Considerations: Women’s Participation

•5 women parliamentarians out of 99

•1 woman Senator out of 30

•3 women Ministers out of 18

•4 women Secretaries of State out of 20

•52/650of women judges (8% )

•About 8% of women in the National Police

Gender Overview• 7

Gender Considerations: Security of Women

•Widespread domestic violence

•Sexual violence as a means to destabilize communities & assert control

•Few violence survivors refer to justice

•No comprehensive data collection

•No data = no problem = no policy

Gender - Overview • 8

Mandate• 9

MINUSTAH’s Mandate

•United Nations Mission for the Stabilisation of Haiti

•UNSCR 1542 (2004)…2012 (2011)

•Security, rule of law and institutional reform

•Protection of civilian population

In 2012, 7340 troops and 3241 police officers

The mission will start downsizing from 2013

Mandate• 10

MINUSTAH

% of Female/ Average per year

Military

Contingents

Military Staff UNPOL

2011 2% 1.57% 11.76%

2010 1.76% 3.8% 8.3%

2009 1.6% 3% 3%

Where are the

women?

Poor data collection:

• Victims do not report SGBV crimes

• Mostly anecdotal evidences

• Reflection of target populations or zones

• Difficult to analyze trends or programmes impacts

Gender Mainstreaming • 11

The importance of integrating Gender in peacekeeping/SGBV

KOFAVIV SOFA PNH- Fort Dmanche

Time span 2010 Jan-Jun 10 Before earthquake

Number of reported rapes

640 718 100

Time span Jun- Dec 2010 After earthquake

170 4Number of reported rapesTime span Jan-Oct 2011

Number of reported rapes

101

How do we

respond to

SGBV when we

lack data?

Gender Unit

1.MAINTREAMING OF GENDER INTO ALL MISSION COMPOTENTS / ACTIVITIES

2.PROMOTE MAINTREAMING OF GENDER IN KEY NATIONAL PROCESSES in the context of Mission mandate (Rule of Law; Governance)

Gender Mainstreaming • 12

MAIN STRATEGIES:Internal

• Induction trainings

•Specific training sessions

•Training of trainers

•Gender Focal points

• (Components,

Sections & Regions)

Gender Mainstreaming • 13

• Gender Mainstreaming 14

MAIN STRATEGIES:External

•Awareness campaigns

•Advocacy

•Training

• Institutional building (strengthening women’s organizations and the Ministry for Women’s Affairs)

•Technical support for the development of policies and legal framework

Strategies• 15

Strategies • 16

Strategies:Women’s Participation

Strategies • 17

•Protection of vulnerable people– Prevention and awareness at community level/patrols in

IDP camps, IDP Gender Mobile

•Reporting – SOPs

•Joint security assessments – Gender

•Building capacity & women’s trust

•Trained UNPOL GFPts in all PC (nationwide)

STRATEGIES: Women’s security

Strategies • 18

STRATEGIES:Security Sector and judicial Reform

•Legal and policy framework– Law reform on Sexual and Gender Based

Violence– National action plan

•Capacity building – Training of security and judicial actors– Support to the Haitian National Police’s

Coordination Nationale des Affaires Féminines et Questions de Genre

•Gender training module for all cadets at HNP

•Specialized SGBV Unit established – headed by a female senior police officer

•150 female police officer being trained for the SGBV Unit - 23rd promotion

•Space for reception of SGBV cases in 10 PC

•Training of investigators, judicial actors, free legal assistance actors, etc

Strategies • 19

Partnerships

•MINUSTAH Components & sections

•UNCT – UN Gender Thematic Group

•GoH – MCFDF

•Women & Men MPs Parliamentarians

•Women’s organizations

•Leaders

•Civil Society 0rganizations

Module 1 - Why • 20

Peculiarity of Haitian crisis

•No war

•Conflict? Post-conflict?

•There is not a 2 or more groups clash

•Protracted and violent 25 year transition after 30 years of dictatorship

• Intra-community violence

• Impunity and lawlessness

Challenges & Recommendations• 21

Challenges and Recommendations

What strategies can

peacekeepers use to

respond to peculiar

conflict situations?

Challenges and Recommendations

•High turnover of military contingents and various understanding of gender and gender equality among peacekeepers make gender mainstreaming difficult

Consistent pre-deployment training in line with missions’ mandates, priorities and

needsChallenges and recommendations• 22

• What strategies can peacekeepers use to respond to intra-community conflicts and SGBV?

•How can peacekeepers assist in seeing and reporting trends and cases of SBGV in communities for actions to be taken by the police?

SGBV SGBV in military reporting & analysis in military reporting & analysis - - as an indicator of insecurityas an indicator of insecurity.

Challenges and recommendations• 23

Challenges and Recommendations

Challenges and recommendations• 24

Challenges and Recommendations

•How can women in the infantry and the cavalry help promote gender equality and contribute to build trust among women/girls & communities in the fight against SGBV?

More women in peacemaking,

Incl. in infantry & cavalry

Challenges and recommendations• 25

Challenges and Recommendations

•The fight against SGBV strong political leadership, commitment & consistency

•MINUSTAH will be downsizing while SGBV is prevalent.

Clear position on SGBV

A military staff integrated with civilians and the police on Gender/SGBV at the Gender Unit

Challenges and Recommendations

Challenges and recommendations• 26

•CIMIC activities respond to communities’ needs. It is necessary to involve all stakeholders, especially women’s organization in their design, implementation and evaluation.

CIMIC activities supported and designed to respond to gender related national priorities

Challenges and Recommendations

SGBV means no security for women

• Include SGBV as an security indicator

•More women in infantry to built women’s trust and confidence in reporting SGBV cases

•Promoting women’s participation decision-making including in military and police components

Challenges & Recommendations • 27

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Thank you for your attention