projective techniquesby arif raza the university of lahore

PROJECTIVE TECHNIQUES

Mohammad Arif Raza M.Phil Education

Respected Sir DR. Hameed Nawaz

ProjectiveTechniques:“Belief is tobelieve insomethingthat is intangibleand invisible.”(NapoleonBonaparte)

Projective techniques are a method of understanding the inner world of the individual.

Projection Psychological technique to get answers

without asking a direct question Participants project their unconscious

beliefs into other people or objects Reduces threat of personal vulnerability Consists of a stimulus and a response

Theoretical Foundations of PT• Uncover feelings, beliefs, attitudes andmotivation which many consumers finddifficult to articulate• Discover the person’s characteristic modes ofperceiving his or her world and how to behavein it• Enter the private worlds of subjects to uncovertheir inner perspectives in a way they feelcomfortable with

Projective Techniques Verbal Techniques

Autobiographical Memories

Performance Techniques

WORD ASSOCIATION TECHNIQUE

It is a simple technique devised by Galton in 1879.

In word association respondents are presented with a list of words one at a time and asked to respond to each with the first word that comes to mind .

The word of interest called test words usually 55 single words.

Word association test

ROTTERS INCOMPLETE SENTENCE BLANK (RISB)

This includes list of 40 incomplete sentences and there is no specific time limit for the respondent and psychologist.

The respondent makes such sentences that manifest his unconscious desires, thinking, frustrations, emotions, anxiety, mental state etc.

Sentence completion In Sentence completion or unfinished

sentences, the respondents are given incomplete sentences and asked to complete them. Generally, they are asked to use the first word or phrase that comes to mind.

Example My father seldom....................... Most people don't know that I'm afraid of.............. When I was a child, I....................... When encountering frustration, I usually……………… I think most girls/boys ……….. ……..

RORSCHACH INK BLOT TEST

• DEVELOPOED SWISS PSYCHOLOGIS HERMANN RORSCHACH IN 1921

Testing material and Process CONSISTS OF TEN symmetrical inkblots appear on

separate CARDSBLACK AND WHITE(5), TWO COLOURED (2),

MULTICOLOURED(3)Seating side by sideCards are shown one a time in the same order Two Phases Process

• FREE ASSOCIATION PHASE• AN INQUIRY PHASE

Ink blot test

Importance of the Ink blot test

THE RORSCHACH INKBLOT TEST IS THE MOST COMMONLY USED PROJECTIVE TEST IN A 1971 SURVEY OF TEST USAGE, IT WAS

USED IN 91% OF 251 CLINICAL SETTINGS SURVEY

IT IS ONE OF THE MOST WIDELY USED TESTS THAT EXISTS

IT IS WIDELY CITED IN RESEARCH USED IN ASSESSMENT OF PERSONALITY AND

THOUGHT DISORDER

THEMATIC APPERCEPTION TEST

DEVELOPED BY HENRY A. MORGAN AND CHRISTIAN D. MURRAY IN 1935

IT IS BASED ON MURRAYS THEORY OF NEEDS –IT IS DESIGNEDTO FERRET OUT PEOPLE’S BASIC NEEDS BY HAVING THEM TO TELL STORIES

THEMATIC APPERCEPTION TEST

Method of administration instructions are as follows THIS IS A TEST OF IMAGINATION. I AM GOING TO SHOW YOU SOME

PICTURES, ONE AT A TIME, AND YOUR TASK WILL BE TO MAKE UP A STORY AS DRAMATIC AND

IMAGINATIVE AS POSSIBLE. WHAT IS HAPPENING AT THE MOMENT AND

WHAT THE CHARACTERS ARE FEELING AND THINKING?

WHAT WENT BEFORE/ WHAT LED UP TO IT? WHAT IS GOING TO HAPPEN/ WHAT THE

OUTCOME WILL BE? SPEAK YOUR THOUGHTS AS THEY COME TO YOUR MIND. STRUCTURAL ASPECTS OF TAT– HOW THE STORIES ARE TOLD,

LANDUAGE, AND EXPRESSION ARE ALSO OBSERVED

DRAW- A – PERSON TEST

DRAW- A – PERSON TEST

TEST ADMINISTRATION INVOLVES THE ADMINISTRATOR REQUESTING CHILDREN TO COMPLETE THREE INDIVIDUAL DRAWINGS ON SEPARATE PIECES OF PAPER.

CHILDREN ARE ASKED TO DRAW A MAN, A WOMAN, AND THEMSELVES.

NO FURTHER INSTRUCTIONS ARE GIVEN AND THE CHILD IS FREE TO MAKE THE DRAWING IN WHICHEVER WAY HE/SHE WOULD LIKE.

Choice Ordering The subjects have to explain why certain

things are most important¨ or least important¨, or to "rank" or order¨ or “categorize” certain factors associated with a product, brand or service

•Should used only when required information cannot obtained by direct method•Should used for exploratory research•Should not used for truthfully

Advantages•Reliable•Close connection between situation and diagnosis•Less chance of readymade answers•Spontaneous responses•Easy to understand the personality

Disadvantages•Highly trained interviewers •Bias interpreters•Costly method•Time consuming•Few are standard techniques•Respondent may not be the representative of entire population