project management risk and quality
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Project Management
Risk and Quality
Quality – Initial Thoughts
Identify a quality product
you own or would like. Why do you
associate this product with
quality?How was the quality of the
product checked and
when?
Garbage In Garbage Out
Tamingdata.com
Project Quality Management
Creating and following policies and procedures in order to ensure that a project meets the defined needs it was intended to meet.
Recall Quality Theme to define and implement the means by which the project will create and verify products that are fit for purpose:• Satisfying stated stakeholder needs• Conforming to necessary standards
Quality Management Processes
Quality Planning – define the quality criteria for each product of the project, the quality methods and the quality responsibilities of those involved.
Quality Control – operational techniques, monitoring project results/products to determine if they comply with quality requirements/acceptance criteria.
Quality Assurance – evaluating overall project performance on a regular basis to provide confidence that project will meet quality requirements.
Project Quality Plan
• Customers’ Quality Expectations
• Acceptance Criteria
• Quality Responsibilities
• Applicable Standards
• Quality Control & Audit Processes: Quality Tools
• Change Management/Configuration Management
Project Acceptance/Quality Criteria
A list of measurable definitions of the attributes required for products to be acceptable to the ….?Example Quality Criteria?
Prioritised – eg MoSCoW Technique
Project Acceptance/Quality Criteria
A list of measurable definitions of the attributes required for products to be acceptable to the stakeholder(s).Example Quality Criteria
- Major functions- Development costs- Reliability- Security- Accuracy- Performance- Ease of use- Appearance
Prioritised – eg MoSCoW Technique
Quality Control Tools• Appraisal Methods/Checks
» Reviews» Inspections» Tests/Performance Tests» Audit
• Statistical Methods» Tally Sheet (eg number of errors)» Pareto Chart» Scatter Diagram» Fishbone Diagram (Cause and Effect)» Control Charts – With Upper and Lower
Allowable Limits• Quality Standards
» ISO9000, PRINCE2, PMI, H&S, Company Standards
Quality Register
Quality Activity Id
Product ID
Product Quality Method Producer Reviewer Approver Target Review Date
Actual Review Date
Result Target Approval Date
Actual Approval Date
Result
1 1 Web Page
Inspection … … Project Board
… … Fail
2 1 Web Page
Performance Test
… … Project Board
… … Pass … … Pass
3 2 Audit Report
Inspection … … Project Board
… … Pass … … Pass
4…
9 1 Web Page
Inspection … … Project Board
… … Pass … … Pass
A log of the quality events planned and undertaken, e.g. reviews, inspections, testing, and audits.As the project progresses and records of quality activities are received, the Quality Register is updated to reflect the actual results from the quality activities
Risk – Initial Thoughts
What determines the severity
of a risk?
Think of a risk to your
project. How serious a risk is it?
Risk Management• Projects are enablers of change and change introduces
uncertainty, hence risk.• A risk is an event that, should it occur, will have an effect
on the achievement of the project objectives. We need to assess the probability of a perceived threat or opportunity occurring, and the magnitude of its impact on the project
• Risk Management is a continual activity, performed throughout the life of the project, it is the proactive identification, assessment and control of risks that might affect the delivery of the project objectives.
Risk Management Cont.• Identify the Risks – How?
• Assess – how serious?• Plan Responses – Assign Risk Owner, Cost approved, Mitigate• Monitor and Control
» Update Risk Register regularly» Close risks which have disappeared» Escalate serious risks
Risk Management Cont.• Identify the Risks – How?
» Info from previous projects – Lessons learnt» Experience» Brainstorming» Organisation’s environment» External Factors/Organisations/Relationships
• Assess – how serious?• Plan Responses – Assign Risk Owner, Cost approved, Mitigate• Monitor and Control
» Update Risk Register regularly» Close risks which have disappeared» Escalate serious risks
Capture in a Risk Register
Risk Assessment• Probability - High - very likely that this risk will happen in
the current circumstances
- Medium - the risk is likely to happen
- Low - It is very unlikely that this risk will happen• Impact - High - If it does happen it will prevent the
successful delivery of the project
- Medium - If it happens the project delivery will be adversely affected but the project will still deliver
- Low - Should it occur the risk will not prevent the project from delivering
Risk Assessment Cont.
Which risks to largely ignored?
Which risks to act on?
Which risks to monitor closely?
Which risks to keep under review?
High impact AND High probability
Medium impact AND/OR Medium probability
High impact OR High probability
Low impact AND Low probability
Match up!
Risk Probability/Impact Map
IMPACT
Highly
Significant
5 H H H H H KEY
Major 4 H H H H H
Moderat
e3 M M H H H
High Risk - control action must be a priority
Minor 2 L L M M M
Medium Risk - control action to be taken as a matter of routine
Insignificant
1 L L L L L
Low risk - No control action required, but will need to be monitored
1 2 3 4 5
Rare Unlikely Possible Probable Almost Certain
PROBABILITY
Risk Mitigation
• Prevention – Take preventative action to avoid risk
eg alternative action
• Reduction – Reduce the risk, eg by adding
resources/manpower
• Acceptance – Accept risk eg if low probability
• Contingency – Back up plan for if risk occurs
• Transfer – eg subcontract work and risk
Risk RegisterRISK LOG
Project: Status / Version:
Author: Date: Distribution:
Ref. Date Raised
Risk Description Probability (P) Impact (I) Risk
Rating
Managed Response
Action / Countermeasure Responsibility Review Date
Status / Review
Comments
1 01/07/13 Risk 1 1 1 Low 01/09/2013
2 01/07/13 Risk 2 2 2 Low 02/09/2013
3 01/07/13 Risk 3 3 3 High 03/09/2013
4 01/07/13 Risk 4 4 4 High 04/09/2013
5 01/07/13 Risk 5 5 5 High 05/09/2013
6 01/07/13 Risk 6 1 5 High 06/09/2013
7 01/07/13 Risk 7 2 4 High 07/09/2013
8 01/07/13 Risk 8 3 3 High 08/09/2013
9 01/07/13 Risk 9 4 2 Medium 09/09/2013
10 01/07/13 Risk 10 5 1 Low 10/09/2013
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