probability 1

PROBABILITY I

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LEARNING OUTCOMESDESIGNERS

CONTENTSTUTORIALS

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LEARNING OUTCOMESAt the end of the class, students should be able to:

determine whether an outcomes is a possible outcome of an experiment

determine the sample space of an experiment

write the sample by using set notation

identify the elements of a sample space which satisfy given condition

find the ratio of the numbers of times an event occurs to the number of trials

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DESIGNERS

NORADLINA BINTI ZKERI

D20091036016

AZIMA BINTI ABDUL RAHIM

D20091036017

IJLAL BINTI MOHD. DIAH

D20091036006

AZNIDA BINTI CHE AWANG

D20091036011

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PROBABILITY I

Sample Space

Event

Probability of an EventMAIN MENU

PROBABILITY I7.1 Sample Space

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An experiment is a process or an operation

with an outcome.

SAMPLE SPACE

Toss a balanced die once and observe its uppermost face

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When toss the coin,we can only get two results :

Head Tail

SAMPLE SPACE

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The set of all possible outcomes of an experiment is called the sample space. It usually denoted as S.

Example 1: Mr.Adam has a fruit stall that sells bananas,apples,

watermelons,papayas and durians. Students of class 4KP are asked to select their favourite fruit from the fruits at Mr.Adam’s stall.

S = {banana,apple,watermelon,papaya,durian}

SAMPLE SPACE

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SAMPLE SPACE

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Example 2: A month is randomly selected from a year.

Describe the sample space of this experiment by using set notation.

S={January,February,March,April,May,June,July, August,September,October,November, December}

PROBABILITY I7.2 EVENT

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EVENT

Is a subset of the sample space Is an outcome or a set of outcomes that

satisfies certain condition Denoted by a capital letter

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EVENT Example 1 :

A box contains five cards written with 1,2,3,4 and 5 respectively. A card is picked randomly from the box.

S={1,2,3,4,5} If we define J as ‘the card with an

even number’ , the outcome of J in set notation will be J={2,4}

•J is known as an event of the experiment.

•The number of outcome of an event n(P)=2

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EVENT Example 2 :

A letter is randomly selected from the word ‘COMPUTER’. Determine the number of possible outcomes of the event that selected letter is

i. A vowelii. A consonant

SOLUTIONLet A=event that the selected letter is vowel={O,U,E}Therefore n(A)=3

Let B=event that the selected letter is consonant={C,M,P,T,R}.Therefore n(B)=5

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PROBABILITY I7.3 Probability and event

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PROBABILITY OF AND EVENT Probability of and event E,

P(E)= 0 ≤ P(E) ≤ 1

P(E)= number of outcomes of the event number of outcomes of the sample space

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PROBABILITY OF AND EVENT

The closer the probability of a given event is to 1, the more likely it is to happen.

P(E)=0 means that it is impossible for the event to happen

P(E)=1 means that the event is certain to happen

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PROBABILITY OF AND EVENT

Example :A bag contain 3 red balls and 4 whiteballs. If Rasyid puts his hand in thebag and picks a ball, what is the probability that the ball he picked is white?

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PROBABILITY OF AND EVENT

Solution :S= {R1, R2, R3, W1, W2, W3, W4}n(S)=7Let E is the event of the drawing a white ball E={W1, W2, W3, W4}n(E)=4Therefore the probability of drawing a white ballis 4/7

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TUTORIAL

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PROBABILITY I

EXERCISE 1

A number from 1 to 11 is choosen atrandom. What is the probability ofchoosing an odd number? 1/11 5/11 6/11 None of above

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A.B.C.D.

EXERCISE 2

A bag consists of 3 green, 1 white and 1 purple chips. Two chips are drawn from the bag. Which of the following outcomes are possible?

(green, red) (green, green) (purple, purple) (white, white)

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A.B.C.D.

EXERCISE 3

A dice is rolled 420 times.How many times will a number greater than 4 occur? 70 210 140 360

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A.B.C.D.

EXERCISE 4

There are 45 boys and girls in a class.Given the probability that a boy is chosen is 4/15. The number of girls is 8 12 25 33

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A.B.C.D.

EXERCISE 5

Out of 5000 applicants, only 275 arechosen. If Azni is one of the applicants,what is the probability that he ischosen? 11/200 200/11 189/200 200/189

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A.B.C.D.

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