principles of patient assessment in ems. overview to patient assessment
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Principles of Patient Principles of Patient Assessment in EMS Assessment in EMS
Overview to Patient Overview to Patient Assessment Assessment
IntroductionIntroduction
The latest versions of the national The latest versions of the national standard curricula are “assessment standard curricula are “assessment based” and place more emphasis on based” and place more emphasis on the assessment process in training the assessment process in training EMS providers.EMS providers.
Importance of a Importance of a Standardized ApproachStandardized Approach
The EMS provider’s approach to The EMS provider’s approach to patient assessment and physical patient assessment and physical examination must be similar for all examination must be similar for all new patients.new patients.
Four key factors must be considered: Four key factors must be considered: environment, severity, medical environment, severity, medical versus trauma, and level of care versus trauma, and level of care available.available.
Is The Environment Safe?Is The Environment Safe?
What’s the Patient’s Severity?What’s the Patient’s Severity?Stable or UnstableStable or Unstable
P-1, P-2, P-3, “high” or “low”?P-1, P-2, P-3, “high” or “low”?
Medical or Trauma?Medical or Trauma?
MOIMOI SignificantSignificant Non-significantNon-significant
NOINOI ResponsiveResponsive Not responsiveNot responsive
Level of CareLevel of Care
First ResponderFirst Responder EMT-BasicEMT-Basic EMT-IntermediateEMT-Intermediate EMT-ParamedicEMT-Paramedic Aeromedical Aeromedical
EvacuationEvacuation
Components of AssessmentComponents of Assessment
Scene size-upScene size-up Initial assessmentInitial assessment Focused history & physical exam: Focused history & physical exam:
traumatrauma Focused history & physical exam: Focused history & physical exam:
medicalmedical Detailed physical examDetailed physical exam Ongoing assessmentOngoing assessment
Scene Size-upScene Size-up
Scene safe for you Scene safe for you and crewand crew
Body substance Body substance isolation isolation precautions precautions neededneeded
Is additional help Is additional help neededneeded
Initial AssessmentInitial Assessment
Orderly and sequential exam with Orderly and sequential exam with correction of life-threatscorrection of life-threats
MS-ABC Priority PlanMS-ABC Priority Plan General impressionGeneral impression Chief complaint (MOI/NOI)Chief complaint (MOI/NOI) Assess mental statusAssess mental status Assess airway, breathing, and circulationAssess airway, breathing, and circulation Determine priority and need for ALSDetermine priority and need for ALS
Focused History & Physical Focused History & Physical Exam: TraumaExam: Trauma
Significant MOISignificant MOI Rapid Trauma Rapid Trauma
ExamExam Baseline Vital SignsBaseline Vital Signs SAMPLE HistorySAMPLE History Transport (if not Transport (if not
already doing so)already doing so)
Non-significant MOINon-significant MOI Focused ExamFocused Exam Baseline Vital SignsBaseline Vital Signs SAMPLE HistorySAMPLE History Transport as Transport as
neededneeded
SAMPLE HistorySAMPLE History
S – signs and symptomsS – signs and symptoms A – allergiesA – allergies M – medicationsM – medications P – pertinent past medical historyP – pertinent past medical history L – last oral intakeL – last oral intake E – events leading up toE – events leading up to
Focused History & Physical Focused History & Physical Exam: MedicalExam: Medical
Not ResponsiveNot Responsive Rapid Physical Rapid Physical
ExamExam Baseline Vital SignsBaseline Vital Signs SAMPLE HistorySAMPLE History Transport (if not Transport (if not
already doing so)already doing so)
ResponsiveResponsive History of present History of present
event (OPQRST)event (OPQRST) SAMPLE HistorySAMPLE History Baseline Vital SignsBaseline Vital Signs Focused physical Focused physical
examexam Transport Transport
OPQRSTOPQRSTElaborate on the Chief Elaborate on the Chief
ComplaintComplaint O – onsetO – onset P – provocationP – provocation Q – qualityQ – quality R – radiation, region, referralR – radiation, region, referral S – severityS – severity T - timeT - time
Detailed Physical ExamDetailed Physical Exam
Trauma with Trauma with significant MOIsignificant MOI
Enroute to the Enroute to the hospitalhospital
Assess the head, Assess the head, face, eyes, nose, face, eyes, nose, mouth, neck, mouth, neck, chest, abdomen, chest, abdomen, pelvis, extremities, pelvis, extremities, back and buttocksback and buttocks
Ongoing AssessmentOngoing Assessment
Conducted enroute to the hospitalConducted enroute to the hospital Reassess the vital signsReassess the vital signs Reassess initial assessmentReassess initial assessment Reassess interventionsReassess interventions
ConclusionConclusion
Assessment is a dynamic processAssessment is a dynamic process Use a standardized approachUse a standardized approach Continually reassessContinually reassess Be flexible and reprioritize as neededBe flexible and reprioritize as needed Follow the assessment algorithmFollow the assessment algorithm
© 2003 Delmar Learning, a Division of Thomson Learning, Inc. © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Division of Thomson Learning, Inc.
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