principles of immunology transplantation immunology 4/25/06

Principles of Immunology

Transplantation Immunology4/25/06

Word/Terms List

Allograft Autograft GVH HLA Isograft MHC Xenograft

Transplantation Immunology

Types of transplants

Autograft Isograft Allograft Xenograft

Graft Rejection

First set

Second set

Analogous to primary and secondary antibody response

Causes of Rejection

MHC – HLA antigens in humans

Haplotypes

DTH reaction

Cell-mediated immunity

Stages of Rejection

Sensitization-

APCs from donor APCs from host

“Passenger leukocytes”

CD8 and CD4 both react

Stages of Rejection Effector stage

C mediated Ab response

ADCC

CTLs

DTH

Compatibility Tests

ABO Microcytotoxicity

Pre existing Ab C mediated

Mixed lymphocyte reaction Measures T helper activation Uses radioactive thymidine as

determinant

Clinical Types of Rejection Hyperacute

<24 hours Preexisting Ab ABO mismatch

Acute Weeks Macrophages Cytokines

Chronic Months or longer Humoral and cell-mediated

General Immunosupression

Mitotic Inhibitors Affects all rapidly dividing cells

Steroids Anti inflammatory

Cytokine inhibitors Inhibits T cell proliferation

Specific Immunosupression

Monoclonal Ab Anti CD3

Blocking co stimulation CTLA injection

Immune Tolerance

Non immunogenic tissue

Privileged sites

Induced tolerance