presented to: cfr 521 elliott schmitt photos from

Presented to: CFR 521Presented to: CFR 521Elliott SchmittElliott Schmitt

Photos from http://www.nrel.gov/biomass/photos.html

Research Background/Sources• S. Kim, B. Dale. (2004). Global potential bioethanol

production from wasted crops and crop residues. Biomass and Bioenergy 26 p.361 – 375 – Method for estimating Bioethanol potential

• United Nations FAO-Statistics– ProdSTAT; global Agricultural product database– ForesSTAT; global forest product database

• International Energy Agency – World Energy Outlook 2006– Future Energy Scenarios & Trends

• US DOE-EERE– Theoretical Ethanol Yield Calculator

Biomass Types• Corn & Corn Stover• Barley & Barley Straw• Oat & Oat Straw• Rice & Rice Straw• Sorghum & Sorghum Straw• Wheat & Wheat Straw• Sugarcane & Bagasse• +Recovered Waste Paper• +Wood Residue (e.g. sawdust

• Africa• Asia• Europe• North America• Central America• South America• Oceania

Studied Regions

Assumptions• Agricultural data from 2006 FAOSTAT• Theoretical Yields from US DOE• Waste Crops, crop residues, and waste material onlyFrom Kim & Dale• FBS (2003) • Bio-feedstock properties• Electricity & Steam generation from lignin ignored• 60% required ground cover for all crop residues, except

rice• Ethanol is used in Medium-sized passenger E85 vehicle ~

0.72 L of Gas per L of Ethanol

Properties

Total Feedstock

Corn Crop

• 64.2% of corn goes to Animal Feed

• 4.6% of Corn is wasted

• Corn Stover can produce 81.43 GL

Barley 67% of Barley goes to animal feed.

Rice 88% of Rice goes to food production.

Rice Straw can potentially displace 43 Billion gal of Gasoline

636 Tg of Rice produced globally in 2006

Recovered Paper

• World bio-ethanol produced ~ 97GL• Theoretical Yield 116.2 gal/ton (Mixed Paper Waste)• All paper waste is converted, no recycling

Wood Residue

• World bio-ethanol produced ~ 282 GL• Theoretical Yield 100.8 gal/ton (Sawdust)

Results!!!• World Crop production in 2006 was approximately 3674 Tg

– An Increase of 174% from 2003 study– All crop production increased, except Oats which decreased by 4%– Sugar Cane production increased by 450%

• Bio-crops in 2006 could potentially yield ~ 653 GL of Ethanol + 97 GL (Paper Waste) + 282 GL (Wood Residue) = 1032 GL of Ethanol

• This is equivalent to 196 Billion Gallons of Gasoline (replaced in a mid-size passenger vehicle)

• Asia has the greatest potential for Bio-ethanol production

Future Energy Trends• Europe expected to overtake Brazil by 2010, and

the US by 2030• Global biofuels consumption expected to

increase to73.0 Mtoe by 2015, and to 146.7 Mtoe by 2030– US, Brazil, & Europe makeup 89% of consumption in

2015, and 69% in 2030 (China has major increase)• Global Oil demand expected to increase 116

mb/d in 2030 (140% increase)• Oil peaks in 2015, major oil supply from OPEC

and Non-conventional Oil (shales)

Conclusion• Rice straw has the greatest potential of all crops ~ 219 GL

– All Crop residues in general are important for bio-ethanol production

• Recovered Waste Paper & Wood Residues can play significant role

• By 2030 with increased crop production for increased population (9 Billion), waste crops, residues, and products have good potential as bio-ethanol feedstock

• Global Trade of biofuels should be encouraged in the future– Especially for Europe, who has minimal resources and a greater

demand– Need to find ways to include developing countries (Africa)

• More information needed to calculate land usage, and other environmental, economic, & Social Impacts

Questions?