presented by: joe martin, bcis executive director

COBRA, Las Vegas, September 2012

Standard Forms of Elemental Cost Analysis for Civil EngineeringCOBRA, Las Vegas, 11-13th September 2012

Presented by: Joe Martin, BCIS Executive Director

Building Cost Information Serviceof Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors

Online database of elemental cost analyses for buildings• 17,000 buildings• Data for:

– Business case/early cost advice– Budget setting– Benchmarking

• Standard elemental data structure

Cost analyses

BCIS Standard Form of Cost Analysis• ‘Purpose of cost analysis is to provide data that allows

comparisons to be made between the costs of achieving various building functions in a project with those of achieving equivalent functions in other projects.’

Element

Element:A major physical part of a building that fulfils a specific

function or functions irrespective of its design, specification or construction.’

The elemental approach has been taken up as a framework for:

• Client brief• Cost analysis and benchmarking• Cost modelling• Cost planning• Lifecycle costs• Procurement • Performance specification; and• Value engineering

The application of Elements is seen around the world. Many developed countries have their own classification of Elements.

In America there are:• ASTM UNIFORMAT II• CSI/CSC UniFormat• Omniclass Table 21• CIQS Elemental Cost Analysis

But there are no widely used standard elements for Civil Engineering structures

Objective

Project with UK Defence Infrastructure Organisation (DIO)

‘To collate cost data on civil engineering schemes in a consistent format that can

be used for benchmarking and future cost estimates’

Uniclass

UniclassUK United Classification for the Construction

Industry: 1997:

Table E Construction entities

Table H Elements for civil engineering works

ISO 12006-2

ISO 12006Building Construction-Organisation of information about

construction worksPart2:Framework for classification of informationProposes tables for:

– Entity (by Form)– Elements

Entities: a building

A house is a building

A hospital is a building

A hotel is a building

My shed is a building

A building

• A hospital is a building• A house is a building• A hotel is a building• My shed is a building

They all provide: structurally supported, enclosed, usable, floor space

A building

All buildings have a common function independent of their use.

Object function – building ie structurally supported, enclosed, usable, floor space

User function – hospital (ie healthcare)

User function = Entity type

Entities

Entities = structures with common object functions

Entity: an independent construction of significant scale classified by its physical form/basic function (Uniclass)

Therefore we are looking for Entities i.e. civil engineering structures with common ‘Object Functions’ as these will, hopefully, have common elements.

Entities

PavementsRailways (trackways)Platforms, quays, piers and jettiesRetaining structureDividing structuresSupport structures (masts and towers)PipelinesOpen conduitsBridges (spanning structures)Tunnels…

BCIS SFCECA ASTM UNIFORMAT IIPavements and landscapingRailwaysPlatforms, quays, jetties and the likeRetaining structuresDividing structuresContainersSupport structuresPipelines and ductsOpen conduits CablesWellsGround contouringBridgesTunnelsOrnamental structuresMiscellaneous/unclassified projects

Transportation surfacesBridgesWaterfrontDam and CanalPipelinesWater and SewerageUnderground – TunnelStorage TanksCommunicationsPowerManufacturing and Processing

Projects

• A project is a grouping of entities

Project: Building and external works

Building

Pipe Cable

Hard landscapeSoft landscape

Project: Road and external works

Building

PipeCable

Hard landscapeSoft landscape

Costs Excluding preliminaries Cost including preliminaries

Total cost Cost per entity unit quantity

Entity analysed

Entity 2…

Entity …n

External works

Facilitating works

Preliminaries

Location related temp works

Contingencies

Contractor’s design fees

Project contract total

Client’s costs

Project total

Entity Types• Each entity will have a range of ‘Entity Types’ that

define their user function, e.g. ‘Pavements’ may be used for runways, taxiways as well as various types of road, etc. It is proposed that the entity types will be defined based on Uniclass Table D – Facilities, where possible.

Costs that are not attributable to the physical parts of the building should be analysed in to:

• Preliminaries• Main contractor’s overheads and profit• Contingencies and risks• Contractors design fees on design and build

contracts.For benchmarking rules are required for allocating

the non-elemental costs to ensure consistence of the data.

Railway client consultation

London Underground Network Rail100 Trackwork 1.01 Permanent way

1.03 Level crossings

200 Buildings

300 Power supply 1.05 Electrification Contact systems

1.06 Electric power and plant

400-405 Bridges 1.08Civil engineering works (05 Bridges and viaducts)

406-408Retaining structures (cuttings, embankments, retaining walls) 1.08

Civil engineering works (02 Earthworks, 06 Retaining walls)

409-410 Drainage 1.08Civil engineering works (02 Earthworks, 08 General drainage)

412 Dividing structures 1.08Civil engineering works (07 Fencing and enclosures)

414-415 Tunnels 1.08 Civil engineering works (0.4 Tunnelling)

500 Signalling 1.02 Signalling equipment and systems

600 Communication 1.04 Telecommunications

Possible SFCECA for Railways

Entity Railway

Trackwork

Level Crossings

Power supply

Electrification

Signalling

Communication

Bridges

Uniformat II SFCECASubstructure SubstructurePiers Abutments

Towers Piers, towers and the like

Abutments Thrust blocks and anchorages

Superstructure Bridge deckShort Span Assemblies Deck structure

Long Span Assemblies Deck support

Deck Bearings

Edge treatment

Protection Bridge completionStructure Protection User installation (road, track, etc. if included with bridge)

Traffic Protection Drainage

Other Protection Services (lighting, power, water, etc)

Lighting Communications

Signage Protection and security

Note: this slide has been stolen from Christophe Castaing (EGIS) and Pierre Benning (Bouygues Travaux Publics)

Data model and IFC for Infrastructure

Note: this slide has been stolen from Christophe Castaing (EGIS)and Pierre Benning (Bouygues Travaux Publics)

Standard Forms of Elemental Cost Analysis for Civil EngineeringCOBRA, Las Vegas, 11-13th September 2012

Presented by: Joe Martin, BCIS Executive Director

presented by: joe martin, bcis executive director

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