presentation,life orientation

IM MISS ZINHLE MKWANAZI 201208819, IM GOING TO TEACH THE

SENIORPHASE CLASSES WHICH ARE GRADE 7 TO 9.IM A TEACHER OF LIFE

ORIENTATION.I LIKE TO ENGAGE LEARNERS FROM DIFFERENT KNOWLEDGE

THAT IS BASED ON LIFE,SOCIETY,COMMUNITY,CARRER AND EVERYTHING

THAT IS DUE TO SOCIAL LIFE THAT WE NEED WHEN WE GROW UP IN

DIFFERENT STAGES.

INTRODUCTION

WHAT IS LIFE ORIENTATION

LIFE ORIENTATION IS CENTRAL TO THE HOLISTIC DEVELOPMENT OF

LEARNERS. IT ADDRESSES SKILLS, KNOWLEDGE AND VALUES FOR THE

PERSONAL, SOCIAL, INTELLECTUAL, EMOTIONAL AND PHYSICAL GROWTH OF

LEARNERS, AND IS CONCERNED WITH THE WAY IN WHICH THESE FACETS ARE

INTERRELATED. LIFE ORIENTATION GUIDES AND PREPARES LEARNERS FOR

LIFE AND ITS POSSIBILITIES AND EQUIPS THEM FOR MEANINGFUL AND

SUCCESSFUL LIVING IN A RAPIDLY CHANGING AND TRANSFORMING SOCIETY.

IM GOING TO TAKE 5WEEKS IN GRADE 9,TEACHING THEM THIS 5TOPICS The subject contains the following five topics in Grades 7 to 9:

How can you effectively maintain a positive self-image in the face of life’s problems?

Managing Stress

RECENT UNDERSTANDING ABOUT STRESS

Stress, Health, and Coping

Stress and Depression

1.How can you effectively maintain a positive self-image in the face of life’s problems?

o Prevent and reduce distressKeeping a moderate amount of stress keeps you alert and ready to respondToo little stress causes boredom; too much and you’re overwhelmed

o Create eustressWhen responses to stressors lead to productive outcomes and constructive coping, this is eustressCoping skills are needed

o Strive to live within your comfort zoneYou need to keep a certain level of arousal from stressors to stay within your comfort zone

Coping with Stresso Buffer and protect yourself from negative consequences

Coping helps to cushion the effects of stressors and provides a certain amount of protection from them

o Conserve, replenish, and build an inventory of resources needed to manage stressThe coping process is where you spend a variety of resources to deal with a situationThe more resources you have to spend, the better you copeMaterial resources, personal qualities, and social support are resources

Achieving the Goals for Coping with Stress; Thinking constructively

Restructure how events are perceivedIrrational beliefs fuel emotional firesWords like all, every, always, never, totally, essential, must,

should, have to, need to, ought to, must, awful, terrible, horrible lead to personal problems leading to depression, irritability, loneliness, excessive worrying, etc.

Three categories of irrational beliefs:Drivers: perfectionism, do it yesterday, macho, self-sacrifice, push to the limitStoppers: catastrophizing, negative thinking, arbitrary

inference, rigidity, living in the past, waiting around, quitting, procrastination

Distorters: overgeneralizing, blaming others, narrow-minded, denial, stereotyping, either/or thinking, overestimating, illogical thinking, personalization

The Role of Your Self-Image

Three important definitionsSelf – the “I,” “me.” or “myself”Self-image – how you see yourselfSelf-concept – how you define yourselfSelf-esteem – the positive or negative feelings about yourself overall

The self-image as a guide and regulator of your actionsThe “self” is tied to the roles you play and these roles are scripts that guide your actionsThe self-concept includes a variety of roles, so conflict can develop between roles

The self-image in developing and maintaining relationshipsIf you have insight into your positive and negative characteristics, you can see others more accurately

Relaxation TechniquesRelaxation helps to relieve stress, decrease tension, and slow

down the physiological arousal associated with stress

È Slow, rhythmic breathingMany different techniques you can useYou may use a “mantra” or key word that can help you to relax

È Guided ImagerySeeing yourself in a nature scene where you are relaxed and comfortableTake your time to enjoy each scenario within your nature scene

È Disengage yourselfWhenever you feel tense and stressed, stop what you’re doing and thinkingTake a deep breath, and tell yourself to relax and clear your mind of all thoughtsConcentrate on only one thing apart from where you are

Organize and manage your time more effectivelyEstablish prioritiesOrganize your activities allocating them into specific periods of timeFilter your activities to determine what you really need to doThe challenge is setting and acting upon your priorities within the time availablePersonal priorities need to focus on: Preventing problems

Building relationshipsActing on new opportunities for yourselfFinding time for recreation and leisure

Become a little selfishA selfish approach to life means you take time out of your daily schedule to devote to yourselfRelaxing, taking walks, hobbies, reading, enhancing various skills, and other growth-producing activities

2.Managing StressResolving Stress;Adaptive Stress Response

ccccccccccccc chronic stress response

response

Effects of Stress

Stress and immunity

Chronic stress may cause the immune system to be under- or overactive

Stress and cardiovascular disease

Type A personality: Competitive, ambitious impatient

Associated with heart attacks

Type B personality: Relaxed, patient

How Americans Cope with Stress

Social Aspects of Stress Management

Make time to have fun and playLaughter is effectiveHuman contact through social

connectionsPets can reduce stress

Environmental Aspects of Stress Management Reduce noise levels Amount/type of light Meaningful and challenging experiences Aesthetic quality of inhabited space

ColorPlantsPhotosSmell

Psychological Aspects of Stress Management Relaxation and deep breathing Progressive muscle relaxation (PMR) Guided imagery and visualization Meditation Hypnosis Biofeedback

3.Stress, Health, and Coping

A negative emotional state in response to events that we perceive as taxing our resources or our ability to cope

Stressors—events that are perceived as harmful, threatening, or challenging

Social and Cultural Sources of Stress Social conditions that promote stress poverty, racism, crime low SES tend to have highest levels of stress Culture clashes lead to stress company owned by different culture refugees, immigrants suffer acculturative stress

Health Effects of Stress

Indirect effects—promote behaviors that jeopardize physical well being. Use of drugs, lack of sleep, poor concentration

Direct effects—promote changes in body functions, leading to illness such as headaches and other physical symptoms

Social Factors Promoting Health

Social support—resources provided by others in times of need

Emotional—expressions of concern, empathy, positive regard

Tangible—direct assistance such as lending money, providing meals

Informational—such as making good suggestions, advice, good referrals

Social Support

Improves ability to cope with stress & benefits health person modifies appraisal of stressor’s significance to

be less threatening helps to decrease intensity of physical reactions to

stress make person less likely to experience negative

emotions Pets as social support especially for elderly and people who live alone Gender and social support

4.RECENT UNDERSTANDING ABOUT STRESSINTRODUCTION;

Stress is a common problem that affects almost all of us at some point in our lives. Learning to identify when we are under stress, what is stressing us and different ways of coping with stress can greatly improve both our mental and physical well being.

Stress is one of the central concepts in Psychiatry.

Stress has been invoked as a cause of major psychopathology, a precipitator or trigger of psychiatric illness and a contributor to considerable mental anguish.

DIFFERENT MODELS OF STRESS Alarm is the first stage. When the stressor is identified the body's stress

response is a state of alarm. Adrenaline will be produced in order to bring about the fight-or-flight response. There is also some activation of the HPA axis, producing cortisol.

Resistance is the second stage. If the stressor persists, it becomes necessary to attempt some means of coping with the stress. Although the body begins to try to adapt to the strains or demands of the environment, the body cannot keep this up indefinitely, so its resources are gradually depleted.

Exhaustion is the third. At this point all of the body's resources are eventually depleted and the body is unable to maintain normal function. The initial autonomic nervous system symptoms may reappear. If stage three is extended, long term damage may result as the body, and the immune system is exhausted and function is impaired resulting in decompensation.

CAUSES OF STRESS

Side Effects of Stress

DEPRESSION : one of the side effects of stress, caused actually by the excess of stress

WEIGHT GAIN :The calories intake increases significantly during stressful moments. When we are stressed, we try to compensate the problems we are facing by eating more than we need. 

WEAK IMMUNE SYSTEM: Stress has a big role in weakening our immune System.

INSOMNIA

PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSES TO STRESS

A)NEUROTRANSMITTER RESPONSE TO STRESS

STRESS activates

Noradrenergic system

Serotonergic system

Dopaminergic system

Amino acid and peptinergic neurotransmitter system

(B)ENDOCRINE RESPONSE TO STRESS

STRESS activates HPA AXIS

CRH acts at the anterior pituitary to trigger release of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)which acts at the adrenal cortex to stimulate the synthesis and release of glucocorticoids.

Glucocorticoids themselves have myriad effects within the body, but their actions can be summarized in the very short term as promoting energy use, increasing cardiovascular activity (in the service of the flight-or-fight response), and inhibiting functions such as growth, reproduction, and immunity.

5.STRESS AND DEPRESSION

What Are Some Common Sources of Stress?• Situations in the home

–Parents’ separation or divorce,–A new stepparent,–A new brother or sister,–A single parent household,–Little or no emotional support,–Neglect (personal needs not met),–Abuse (physical or sexual)…

REACTIONS TO STRESS

REFERENCES;

• SATYAKAM MOHAPATRA

JUNIOR RESIDENT –II

DEPARTMENT OF PSYCHIATRY

4. SATYAKAM MOHAPATRA JUNIOR

RESIDENT –II DEPARTMENT

OF PSYCHIATRY

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