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Post on 07-Aug-2015
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NEED FOR BIO-MEDICAL WASTE MANAGEMENT: -
The reasons due to which there is great need of management of hospitals waste such as:
Injuries from sharps leading to infection to all categories of hospital personnel and waste handler.
Risk of infection outside hospital for waste handlers and scavengers and at time general public living in the vicinity of hospitals.Risk associated with hazardous chemicals, drugs to persons handling wastes at all levels.
“Disposable” being repacked and sold by unscrupulous elements without even being washed.Drugs which have been disposed of, being repacked and sold off to unsuspecting buyers.Risk of air, water and soil pollution directly due to waste, or due to defective incineration emissions and ash.
Who’s at Risk ?
Doctors and nurses
Patients
Hospital support staff
Waste collection and disposal staff
General public
Environment
HAZARDS OF BIOMEDIAL WASTE: -
1. Hazards associated with poor
health care waste management –
Proper disposal of biomedical waste is of paramount importance because of its infectious and hazardous characteristics. Improper disposal can result in the following:
Organic portion ferments and attracts fly breeding
Increase risk of infections to medical, nursing and other hospital staffInjuries from sharps to health workers and waste handlersPoor infection control can lead to nosocomial infections in patients particularly HIV, Hepatitis B & CInjuries from sharps to all categories of health care personnel and waste handlers.
Increase in risk associated with hazardous chemicals and drugs being handled by persons handling wastes.Poor waste management encourages unscrupulous persons to recycle disposables and disposed drugs for repacking and reselling.Development of resistant strains of microorganisms.
2. Persons at risk of the hazards of medical procedures -
Depending on the type of procedures, the persons at risk and mode of transmission in some common medical procedures are:
Procedure Person at risk Mode of Transmission
Collection of blood samples
Patient Health worker
Contaminated needle, gloves, Skin puncture by needle or
container,
Contamination of hands by blood
Transfer of specimens (within laboratory)
Laboratory personnel
• Contamination of exterior of specimen container, Broken container,
• Splash of specimen
HIV serology and virology
Laboratory personnel
• Skin puncture, splash of specimen,
• Broken specimen container, Perforated gloves
Cleaning and Maintenance
Laboratory Personnel Supporting staff
• Skin puncture or contamination, Splashes,
• Contaminated work surface
Waste DisposalLaboratory Personnel Support
StaffTransport worker
• Contact with contaminated waste
• Puncture wounds and cuts
Shipment of specimens
Transport workerPostal worker
• Broker or leaking specimen, containers and packages
3. Occupational health hazards -Occupational health concerns exist for janitorial and laundry workers, nurses, emergency medical personnel, and refuse workers. Injuries from sharps and exposure to harmful chemical waste and radioactive waste also cause health hazards to employees in institutions generating bio-medical waste.
4. Hazards to the general public -
The general public’s health can also be adversely affected by bio-medical waste. Improper practices such as dumping of bio-medical waste in municipal dustbins, open spaces, water bodies etc., leads to the spread of diseases. Plastic waste can choke animals, which scavenge on openly dumped waste. Injuries from sharps are common feature-affecting animals. Harmful chemicals such as dioxins and furans can cause serious health hazards to animals and birds.
5. Environmental hazards-1.Improper hospital waste management also results in
air, water and soil pollution, especially due to imperfect treatment and faulty disposal methods. Some of the effects of pollution are discussed below-
Air Pollution
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