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Post on 14-Jun-2015
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This presentation will include information about various ways
evidence is analysed.
By Sam Slack
There are four types of chromatography, these are; liquid, gas, paper and TLC, which is
also known as Thin Layer Chromatography. TLC is the main method and is where there is
a separation of coloured chemicals that have been mixed. It analyses each mixture
and separates them so it is easy for police to identify which chemical was used. E.g. urine
and blood samples. Molecules in various chemicals have different characteristics such as size and solubility so they travel at different speeds when pulled along a piece of paper;
this is that that separates them; shown by the picture to the right.
This tests any sound detected within the crime scene. An audiometer is used to perform an audiometric test which can
detect any particular noise. It also recognises different sounds like the
pitches and it can distinguish speech from any background noise. It enhances sound to make it easier to hear conversations and collect any evidence that may be
vital.
This focuses on the flight, behaviour and effects of various projectiles. This mainly involves guns and
rockets. It measures the time from the shooting to the impact made on the target. When looking into a gun
crime and analysing gun ballistics it is divided into four sections, these are:
•Internal ballistics—inside the object•Transition ballistics—as it left the object
•External ballistics—through the air•Terminal ballistics—when it hits the target
So it can look into the way the gun was used and how it was shot, so it can determine what gun it is.
It is the scientific study of various poisons, it analyses the effects and the treatment of the conditions they cause. This will help determine what is wrong
with that particular person by seeing what they have been poisoned by and what with. It may also state how much they
were poisoned with so doctors would then know how to deal with it.
This is where various instrumental techniques are used like mass
spectrometry, infra red, ultra violet and Calorimetry.
Mass Spectrometry is a technique used for measuring the molecular mass of a
sample.
This is the physiology of bone, skeleton and hard tissue. It can help answer many question like what race, sex or age is the person and it
can also show the stature of an individual.
E.g. when looking at bones we can determine the sex because males have more developed
and larger bones.
FEMALE MALE
Consists of the measurements and viewing of samples or objects through a microscope. There are three ways
microscopy can be conducted. These are through:•optical
•electron and•scanning probe microscopy.
Optical and electron Involves the diffraction, reflection or refraction of the object
being studied.
Scanning ProbeInvolves the interaction of a scanning probe with the surface or
object of interest
Electronic imaging and enhancement techniques to improve photography and video, TV
monitors, cameras, alarms.
From this by using the police force, it will then be a lot quicker to catch the criminal. As electronics are rapidly getting better and more advanced it
makes it a lot easier.
Study of weights and measurements embracing both experimental and
theoretical. It can be used by measuring
sizes of different objects that may be from a crime scene.
E.g. a bullet can be measured to determine what gun it could be or a joint of a bone can be measured to determine
what sex the bone is from.
This consists mainly the analysis of blood or anything biological, like body fluid. There are also other evidence samples
that may be analysed and they are:•Hair
•Fibres (e.g. clothing etc)
They use biological analysis because by using the fluids or fibres as evidence they can extract DNA to find out any piece of
information it is liable to give.
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