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Slide Nr. 1OMV (PAKISTAN), FirsrName LastName, 15. April 2023 Move & More.
Systematic Safety Measures, Solutions and Certification
CONTENTS TO COVER:IntroductionNeed of Safety measuresBasics of SIS, SIF and SILExplanation of SIS and SIFBasic Layers of Safety and Protection systemSafety Standards and SILConclusion
Move & More.Slide Nr. 2OMV (PAKISTAN), FirsrName LastName, 15. April 2023
Safety in Industries
Operations being carried out in Industries
Chemical and Oil & Gas Industries
Inherent risk and a great Potential of hazardous events
Great probability of risk in manual safety systems
Introduction of Systemized and Automated safety systems
Safety Instrumented Function (SIF)
Safety Instrumented System (SIS)
International Standards for the classification of SIF or SIS
Safety Integrity Level (SIL)
Move & More.Slide Nr. 3OMV (PAKISTAN), FirsrName LastName, 15. April 2023
Safety Instrumented System (SIS)
System that responds to hazardous events in order to bring the process to a safe state
Works in a chain of command to complete its action Terminologies that we encounter in SIS
Covert and Overt faults Failure Safety Instrumented Function (SIF) Probability of failure on demand (PFD) Protection layers Redundancy Safe failure fraction (SFF) Process Hazard Analysis (PHA) Safety Integrity Level (SIL)
Move & More.Slide Nr. 4OMV (PAKISTAN), FirsrName LastName, 15. April 2023
Safety Instrumented Function (SIF)
Equipment that carries out the single set of actions in response to the single hazard
Elements of SIF Sensors Logic Solvers Final Elements
Overpressure of a vessel Tube rupture Flame-out in an incinerator
Move & More.Slide Nr. 5OMV (PAKISTAN), FirsrName LastName, 15. April 2023
Move & More.Slide Nr. 6OMV (PAKISTAN), FirsrName LastName, 15. April 2023
Designing SIS
Considering all the engineering practices being carried out in the process
The materials being used in the process Identifying the hazardous events related to that particular
process What SIL level has been suggested for any particular process? Keeping in mind the environment, requirement and outcomes of
the process The engineering practice of bringing every particular hazard to
safe state The use of suitable instruments for that particular process
Move & More.Slide Nr. 7OMV (PAKISTAN), FirsrName LastName, 15. April 2023
Analyzing SIS
Testing the design theoretically What factors might effect the system’s working? The probability of these factors, that might appear at any stage
during the process Does your system fails in a safe manner? The tolerance of safety system towards fault/failures Making sure if the safety process has the outcome of what is
required The feasibility and availability of instruments recommended in
the design Computing the cost of the system, if it is economical in the
budget
Move & More.Slide Nr. 8OMV (PAKISTAN), FirsrName LastName, 15. April 2023
Implementing SIS
Use of “Certified” or “prior to use” Instruments Proper installation of system
Move & More.Slide Nr. 9OMV (PAKISTAN), FirsrName LastName, 15. April 2023
Probability of Failure on Demand (PFD)
Knowing how a SIS system can fail Analyzing the cause of failure Documented and Historical failure rate data PFD for the system – Sum of PFDs of each Component Test Interval (TI)
Move & More.Slide Nr. 10OMV (PAKISTAN), FirsrName LastName, 15. April 2023
SIS Architecture
SIF Architecture is decided by the failure tolerance of its components Failure Tolerance
Refers to how much the system is tolerant towards failure Safety: Safety function can still be carried out in the presence of
failure Plant availability: Plant can still carry on functioning in the presence
of one failure
A system design that allows the system to continue performing even when one of its component is failing
The three commonest architectures: Simplex or voting 1oo1 (1 out of 1) Duplex or voting 1oo2 or 2oo2 Triplex or voting 2oo3
Move & More.Slide Nr. 11OMV (PAKISTAN), FirsrName LastName, 15. April 2023
Redundancy
Use of multiple elements or system to perform the same function Identical Elements Diverse Elements Common cause failures Diverse redundancy uses a different technology, design,
manufacture and software etc. reducing the common cause failure
Move & More.Slide Nr. 12OMV (PAKISTAN), FirsrName LastName, 15. April 2023
Typical Examples of SIS
Emergency Shutdown System Fire and Gas System Safety Shutdown System Safety Interlock System
Move & More.Slide Nr. 13OMV (PAKISTAN), FirsrName LastName, 15. April 2023
Emergency Shutdown System
To minimize the consequences of emergency situations Uncontrolled Flooding Escape of Hydrocarbons Outbreak of Fire in hydrocarbons carrying areas
Typical Actions Shutdown of part systems and equipment Isolation of processes that can lead to hazardous event Prevent escalation of events Stop Hydrocarbon Flow Depressurizing or Ventilation System
Move & More.Slide Nr. 14OMV (PAKISTAN), FirsrName LastName, 15. April 2023
Levels of Emergency Shutdown System
A classification of shutdown into group which is categorized by intention priority
Shutdown level hierarchy LEVEL-1: Unit Shutdown (USD) LEVEL-2: Process Shutdown (PSD) LEVEL-3: Emergency Shutdown (ESD) LEVEL-4: Emergency Depressurize Shutdown (EDP)
Move & More.Slide Nr. 15OMV (PAKISTAN), FirsrName LastName, 15. April 2023
FIRE AND GAS SYSTEM
Part of control and safety systems Monitoring all areas of the field for abnormal conditions Providing information to the operator on demand Fire Detectors
Smoke Detectors Flame Detectors
Gas Detectors Toxic Gas Detectors Combustible Gas Detectors
Move & More.Slide Nr. 16OMV (PAKISTAN), FirsrName LastName, 15. April 2023
Objectives of Fire and Gas System
Detecting at an early stage The presence of flammable gas The liquid spill Incipient fire and presence of fire
Initiating environmental changes to keep liquids below their Flash Point
Initiating signals to warn of the detecting hazards Automatic Shutdown and Ventilation Exhausting system
Move & More.Slide Nr. 17OMV (PAKISTAN), FirsrName LastName, 15. April 2023
Safety Shutdown System
Potential of hazardous event to put other facilities in danger Safety Shutdown System will shutdown the facilities to ensure
their safety The system might also be fed by signals from the main F&G
system Automated or Manual control
Move & More.Slide Nr. 18OMV (PAKISTAN), FirsrName LastName, 15. April 2023
Safety Interlock System
System that prevents a process from an inappropriate maneuver Helps prevent a machine from harming the operator or damaging
itself by stopping the machine when tripped Switches, keys or locks
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