presentation 31 – multicore, multiprocessing, multithreading, and multitasking
Post on 01-Jan-2016
30 Views
Preview:
DESCRIPTION
TRANSCRIPT
Copyright © 2007 Heathkit Company, Inc. All Rights Reserved
PC Fundamentals
Presentation 31 Presentation 31 –– Multicore, Multicore, Multiprocessing, Multithreading, and Multiprocessing, Multithreading, and
Multitasking.Multitasking.
2
ObjectivesObjectives
At the end of this presentation, you will be able to:
3
Explain the difference between multitasking and multiprocessing.
Explain the difference between multithreading and multiprocessing.
List several disadvantages of achieving multiprocessing by using multiple MPU packages.
Explain the difference between cooperative and preemptive multitasking.
Explain the difference between symmetrical and asymmetrical multiprocessing.
Discuss the internal structure of the Pentium D, Core 2 Duo, and Core 2 Quad microprocessors.
4
““Multi” Multi” — More than what?— More than what?
MultitaskingMultithreadedMultiprocessingMulticore
5
MultitaskingMultitasking
The apparent simultaneous execution of two or more programs by a single processor.
What appears to be simultaneous execution is actually concurrent execution.
Dates back to the earlier days of Windows.
6
Think of Multitasking this way.Think of Multitasking this way.
Program 1
Program 2
Processor
7
Two types of MultitaskingTwo types of Multitasking
CooperativePreemptive
8
Cooperative MultitaskingCooperative Multitasking
Program 1
Program 2
ProcessorThe Applications control the switching.
9
Preemptive MultitaskingPreemptive Multitasking
Program 1
Program 2
Processor
The operating system control the switching.
10
MultitaskingMultitasking
Program 1
Program 2
Processor
11
A single Program or Application can be written so that it can be executed as two or more “threads” of instructions.
A “thread” can be thought of as a stand alone task.
For example, in a video processing application the video information could be processed as one thread; the audio as another.
MultithreadedMultithreaded
12
Think of Multithreading this way.Think of Multithreading this way.
Thread 1
Thread 2
ProcessorApplication
13
Multithreading a Video Processing Multithreading a Video Processing ApplicationApplication
Thread 1(Video)
Thread 2Audio
Processor
Application
VideoVideo Audio
14
ThreadsThreads
Threads occur within a single application.The application must be written for
Multithreading.Not all applications lend themselves to this
form of parallelization.The processor must support multithreading.Not all processors do.
15
Pentium 4 was optimized for Pentium 4 was optimized for multithreading.multithreading.
LogicalCore 1
Pentium 4
LogicalCore 2
Thread 1
Thread 2
Thread 1 Thread 2 Thread 1
16
Pentium DPentium D
Pentium 4
Pentium 4
17
MultiprocessingMultiprocessing
A single computer runs two (or more) separate programs at the same time.
Servers and workstations achieved this by using multiple processors in separate packages.
PCs achieve this by using multiple cores in a single package.
18
Types of Multiprocessing (MP)Types of Multiprocessing (MP)
Symmetrical MP—The operating system assigns tasks as it sees fit.
Asymmetrical MP—The program designer chooses the processor at the time the program is written.
19
Dual Package versus dual core. Dual Package versus dual core.
CPU IC 2
Sockets 2
Heat sinks 2
Fans 2
Fan cable 2
Board Space X2
Dual Packages
CPU IC 1
Sockets 1
Heat sinks 1
Fans 1
Fan cable 1
Board space X1
Dual Core
20
Enter the Core 2 DuoEnter the Core 2 DuoBecause the Pentium D was made up of two
Pentium 4 cores, it was not optimized for dual processing.
Intel redesigned the architecture of the CPU, optimizing it for multiprocessing.
The result is called “Core” architecture. Apparently, this is a new trade name that replaces “Pentium”.
One of the early processors to use this new architecture is the Core 2 Duo.
21
Core 2 DesignCore 2 Design
22
The Core 2 ExtremeThe Core 2 Extreme
Fastest of the Core 2 Duo seriesAllows “over-clocking”, a technique that
allows users to run the CPU at a higher clock speed than the manufacture recommends.
23
The Core 2 QuadThe Core 2 Quad
First Core 2 Die Second Core 2 Die
24
The Core 2 QuadThe Core 2 Quad
Single Core 2 Quad Die
Copyright © 2007 Heathkit Company, Inc. All Rights Reserved
PC Fundamentals
EndEnd
top related