presentation 1 the reactions of neighbouring countries

QUEST INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY PERAK

Faculty of Business, Management and Social Sciences

MALAYSIAN STUDIES

MPW1133

Individual Presentation

Topic •Explain the events and the reactions of neighboring countries leading to the formation of Malaysia.

INTRODUCTIONMalaysia 16th September 1963 Merging idea was – raised several time 1955- David Marshall – suggested merge Singapore with

Malaysia – rejected by Tunku Abdul Rahman

Lee Kuan Yew – unfavorable response 27th May 1961- Tunku Abdul Rahman suggest to

merge Singapore, Sabah Sarawak and

Brunei. proposal-triggered different reaction

Singapore Most interest political changes-change the mind of

part population opposed- UPP (United Party’s People) Lee Kuan Yew- campaigned- merger 1 September 1962 – referendum~ 71.1% supported promised autonomy

Brunei

Large section agreed-many of them preffered-independent

Ruler Ali Saifuddin-protection-Malaya A.M Azhari-opposed-led a revolt against the

government of Brunei- defeated > ulterior motive ~ North Borneo territories and place

them and place them under reigns of Brunei

Sabah Sarawak

free – British imperialism feared losing authority population structure – different – new country losing their position- “Malayan domination” –

non-Malays 1961- Tunku went to this territories – explain-

benefits of merger

Malaya Generally acceptPAS (Malaysian Islamic Party) – strongly

against

– Claims the Malays will lose out – establish MAPHILINDO

BritishNovember 1961- Tunku- flew to discuss –

British government Very much – favor in itSurprised – strength of Malay feelingsReceived report - Sir Edward Gent

- Mc Donald

~ that evaluated how united- Malay opposition

wants

Two alternative way

> ignore the opposition

> change their plans but-make – unpopular- in Malaya

- destroy any future chances -

cooperationIf failed to – peacefully opposition – violent

action – Malayan Communist Party – gain support

aim- central Government – Malay

~ prefer to extent citizenship - non-Malay- joined Malayan Communist Party

Formed

o Cobbold Commission – Lord Cobbold – investigate – reaction of – Sabah Sarawak

~ two months later – reached conclusion

- 1/3 rejected the merger

- 2/3 supported

Independent

Merger – won – favor approved – British September 1963 – Malaya, Singapore, Sabah

Sarawak – one nation – Malaysia Official proclamation – Tunku Abdul Rahman –

Merdeka Stadium

Protest From

neighbouring countries

• Indonesia and Philippines disapproved of new establishment due to their own ulterior motives.

Philippines

claimed Sabah- part – of them did not acknowledge > as an independent

or > the office declarationSabah agreed- Philippines continued

– contest President – Macapagal

>severed diplomatic tiesIt was only sometime in June in1966gave due recognition to Malaysia and acknowledged it as an independent country.

IndonesiaHoping to merge - Malaya to form "Indonesia

Raya" and establish the independent - North

Borneo Federation comprising Sabah,

Sarawak and Brunei President Sukarno

- influenced - Communist party

- January 1963 to August 1966 - declared a

Confrontation policy of on Malaysia -voice his

objection of the formations of Malaysia

Indonesia - a halt to all diplomatic relations - Malaysia - launched an attack

The first stops the Indonesians made were at Pontian, Labis, Muar and Kota Tinggi.

- Agents were sent to overthrow the Malaysian government

- create misunderstanding among Malays and Chinese The confrontation

- came to an eventual end when

Sukarno - by Suharto as the president

of Indonesia.

- a peace treaty was signed between both countries in Jun 1966

Brunei changed mindSultan realized that he wouldn’t be given

special rights above the other Sultans in Malaya

- limited oil reserves

Singapore

9th Aug 1965

> withdraw – Malaysia

- to form her own Republic due to some disagreement –particularly about special right of the natives.

Conclusion• Tunku – obstacles – merge –

independent• Many reactions• Celebrate – 55 years of independence

Prepared by >>>

Malathi

Thank you….

Prepared for >>>

Mr.Palaniappan ( Lecturer MPW 1133)