present status of chemical (industrial) disaster risk management and future strategies dr rakesh...
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rakeshddubey@hotmail.com 1
Present Status of Chemical (industrial) Disaster Risk Management and future
Strategies
Dr Rakesh DubeyDirector
Disaster Management InstituteBhopal
October 21, 2010 at Hyderabad, AP
High frequency low consequence Low frequency high consequence
rakeshddubey@hotmail.com 5
Objective of the lecture
• understand the philosophy of hazards and risk recognisition/assessment;
• understand the philosophy and methods of control
• understand and suggest several methods of preventing and controlling hazards/risks in workplaces.
October 21, 2010 at Hyderabad, AP
rakeshddubey@hotmail.com 6
Evolution in Indian system
Institutions and Regulations Existing
Monitoring, enforcement is on
Participatory and self evaluation approach has started
October 21, 2010 at Hyderabad, AP
rakeshddubey@hotmail.com 7October 21, 2010 at Hyderabad, AP
? ?I f,A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W
X Y Z
Equals,1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23
24 25 26
Then,
K + N + O + W + L + E + D + G + E11 + 14 + 15 + 23 + 12 + 5 + 4 + 7 + 5 = 96%
H + A + R + D + W + O + R + K8 + 1 + 18 + 4 + 23 + 15 + 18 + 11 = 98%
Both are important, but the total falls just short of 100%
But,A + T + T + I + T + U + D + E1 + 20 + 20 + 9 + 20 + 21 + 4 + 5 = 100%
Safety really is about attitude. Make 100% Safe Behavior your choiceboth ON and OFF the job
rakeshddubey@hotmail.com 8October 21, 2010 at Hyderabad, AP
Organisational OSH poliy and programmes
Design criteria
Person
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Accident Theory
October 21, 2010 at Hyderabad, AP
“Industrial Accident Prevention”
Social Environmentand Ancestry
Fault of the Person
(Carelessness)
Unsafe Act or
ConditionAccident Injury
MISTAKES OF PEOPLE
rakeshddubey@hotmail.com 10
Swiss Cheese Accident Models
October 21, 2010 at Hyderabad, AP
Hazards
Some holes due to active failures (unsafe acts)
Some holes due to latent conditions (resident “pathogens”)
Sharp End Blunt End
organisational factorsline management
factors
Individual/team factors
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Objective of the programme
Disaster reduction
Response
Prevention//mitigation
Preparedness
October 21, 2010 at Hyderabad, AP
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Prepardness :
• Planning: GIS based on-site and emergency
management plans Risk assessment should make a base for
plans Reach to all important stake holders by
using some common platform• Prevention: Compliance of laws and rules, by doing risk
assessment after assessing the consequences and probability by using HAZOP, FEMA, ETA, FTA and computer model for consequence analysis
• Mitigation Change in process, chemicals,
instrumention, machine, training of human beings, community and civil administartin invovment
includes planning, prevention and mitigation
i.e. Risk assessment (HAZOP, FEMA, FTA, ETA, consequence assessment, probability estimation, etc. audits; on-site and off-site emergency plans, ISO’s, OSHAS, compliance of the laws, engineering modification
Strengthening the regulators by knowledge upgradation to meet the challenges
Formal education in the area of safety, risk assessment, medical, fire fighting, for cadre development
October 21, 2010 at Hyderabad, AP
rakeshddubey@hotmail.com 15
HAZARD IDENTIFICATION METHODS:
- Process hazard checklist - Hazard survey: DOW index - HAZOP hazard & operability study - Safety review
RISK ASSESSMENT:
- What can go wrong & how ? - What are the chances ? - Consequences ?
EXTREMES:
- Low probability - Minimal consequences
• System description
• Hazard identification
• Scenario identification
• Accident• probabilit
y
• Accident• consequences
• Risk determination
• risk &• hazard
• acceptable• ?
• Modify design
• Accept system
• Yes
• N0
October 21, 2010 at Hyderabad, AP
rakeshddubey@hotmail.com 16
Priority Hazards and Risks in industries
• LPG , Propane (under pressure in liquid phase)• Ammonia (under pressure/refrigeration in
liquid phase) • Chlorine (under pressure in liquid phase)• Hydrogen (under pressure in gases)• CO + CH4 (under atmosphere )
October 21, 2010 at Hyderabad, AP
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Causality chain
Emission
Environmentaldistribution
Exposure
Effects
MODELLINGor
MONITORING
October 21, 2010 at Hyderabad, AP
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Types of Emissions
Continuous emissions
Intermittent emissions
Peak emissions
Block emissions
October 21, 2010 at Hyderabad, AP
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
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Spatial scales
Local scale Area around one point
source/one industry Average environmental
characteristics “Reasonable worst
case” scenario
October 21, 2010 at Hyderabad, AP
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Regional scale Area can be 200 x 200 km 20 million inhabitants 100 or 10% of production Average environmental
characteristics Two or more sources
October 21, 2010 at Hyderabad, AP
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Protection layers for disaster free society
Plant engineering, material, process, control equipments, risk and training, regulatory compliances
Dialogue with plant personnel including contractors, disclosure of information of hazards and risk, mitigation, preparedness
Dialogue with local govts, community, disclosure of hazards, risks, preparedness, response, mitigation,
October 21, 2010 at Hyderabad, AP
rakeshddubey@hotmail.com 24
Response
• Training Plant staff from top to bottom including
the contractual labours, visitors, associates likes traders, suppliers consumers
• Community Involvement of community in all
important activities, disclosure of vital information with preparedness
• National/state/local Governments Assessment of weakness in medical
preparedness, fire fighting, law and order and corrective measures
• Mockdrills By involving all stakeholders including,
armed forces and NDRF
Human behaviour, community involvement and participation in emergency process, response of fire fighters, medical response, police (law and order) eg Mock drillsCompliance of regulations
October 21, 2010 at Hyderabad, AP
rakeshddubey@hotmail.com 25
Response
• Recognize• Avoid• Isolate• Notify
What can I do
October 21, 2010 at Hyderabad, AP
rakeshddubey@hotmail.com 26
Response mechanism should governed by following 4 Don’ts
The 4 Don’ts
Don’t become a victim
Don’t rush in
Don’t assume anything
Don’t TEST (Taste, Eat,
Smell, Touch)
October 21, 2010 at Hyderabad, AP
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Preparedness + Response have base
Elimination
Substitution
Engineering control
administrative
October 21, 2010 at Hyderabad, AP
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Administrative and technical control
Worst example of regulatory compliance
Best example for regulatory compliance
October 21, 2010 at Hyderabad, AP
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Administrative and engineering
Engineering wayNo engineering arrangements for storing
October 21, 2010 at Hyderabad, AP
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Engineering controlYellow hood is the suction for toxic gas engeeniering control
The wall towards disc end will limit the impact zones due to explosion or fire
October 21, 2010 at Hyderabad, AP
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Not good practice
• One worker is having SCBA and other is not in reposnse of toxic gas release
October 21, 2010 at Hyderabad, AP
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Good practice
• Both workers are having SCBA and for victim they are taking care for compressed air
October 21, 2010 at Hyderabad, AP
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New Dimensions for emergency planning: Community, Gender issue
October 21, 2010 at Hyderabad, AP
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Journey continues
October 21, 2010 at Hyderabad, AP
www.hrdp-idrm.in rakeshddubey@hotmail.com
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