powerpoint presentation to accompany go! with computer concepts chapter 1 basic computer concepts

PowerPoint Presentation to Accompany

GO! with Computer Concepts

Chapter 1Basic Computer Concepts

Objectives

1. Define Computer and Identify the Four Basic Computing Functions

2. Identify the Different Types of Computers

3. Describe Hardware Devices and Their Uses

4. Identify Types of Software and Their Uses

5. Describe Networks and Define Network Terms

6. Identify Safe Computing Practices

Define Computer and Identify the Four Basic Computing Functions

• Computer – A programmable electronic device that can input, process,

output, and store data.

Computer Fundamentals

–Components of a typical computer system

Types of Computers

Identify the Different Types of Computers

• Mainframe computers• Manage users through multitasking

• Supercomputers–Large, powerful and ultrafast–Process scientific calculations

and multi-scale simulations

• Mid-range computers

Identify the Different Types of Computers

• Microcomputers–Desktop computers–Notebook computers–Tablet computers–Mobile devices

Hardware Devices and Their Uses• Hardware

–A computer and any connected equipment

• System Unit–Houses internal components–Provides connection sites for

peripheral devices• Peripheral devices provide input and

output

Inside the System Unit

o Internal speakero Drive bayso Expansion slots

o Motherboardo CPUo Power supplyo Cooling fan

• System unit main components

Power supply

Processor and cooling fan

Expansion cards

Drive bays

The System UnitTHE PHYSICAL CASE

Inside the System Unit

Hardware Devices and Their Uses• System Board or Mother

Board

What’s on the Motherboard?

Drive Controller & InterfacesCONNECTS DISK DRIVES TO THE PROCESSOR

SATA cable

Sound Card

EIDE cable

Network Card

Hardware Devices and Their Uses• Central Processing Unit (CPU)

–The brain of the computer that executes programs and manipulates data

–Two main parts:• Control unit• Arithmetic logic unit

–Many different types

Manufacturers• Intel

– Core Duo, Quad, i3, i5, i7– Pentium – Basic computing

• Single processor

– Celeron – entry level computing– Centrino, Centrino 2 - mobile

• AMD– Athlon

• XP, 64, 64 X2, • Phenom, Phenom II, A6, A10

What’s on the Motherboard?

• System clockoElectronic circuit that produces rapid pulses

and coordinates the computer’s internal activities.

oClock speed—measurement of the electrical pulses generated by the system clock, usually measured in gigahertz (GHz)

What’s on the Motherboard?

• Multi-core processing – Access time reduced – Processing time improved– Each core handles incoming streams of data

or instructions at the same time– Two basic types:

• Dual core• Quad core

Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 20

Hardware Devices and Their Uses• Memory

–Measured in bytes• megabytes (MB), gigabytes (GB)

–ROM: permanent and nonvolatile –RAM: temporary and volatile

What’s on the Motherboard?• Memory

– Chips on the motherboard or within the CPU that retain instructions and data

• Random access memory (RAM)– Temporarily stores data and instructions for the CPU– Volatile—contents erased after computer is shut off– Allows CPU to access or store data and instructions

quickly through RAM’s memory address feature• Identifies and locates stored data

What’s on the Motherboard?

• RAM (con’t.)– Comes in the form of memory modules or memory

cards– Memory modules (memory cards)—small circuit

boards that hold several RAM chips and fits into special slots on the motherboard

– Types of RAM:• Dual inline memory modules (DIMM)—most

common today – 168-pin connector – 64-bit transfer rate

• Single inline memory modules (SIMM)—older technology

– 72-pin connector– 32-bit transfer rate

Memory (RAM)

• Byte – character• Kilobyte (KB) – 1024 bytes• Megabyte (MB) – 1024 KB or 1

million bytes• Gigabyte (GB) – 1024 MB or 1

billion bytes

What’s on the Motherboard?

• Read-only memory (ROM)– Contains prerecorded instructions to start the computer– Nonvolatile—contents stored when CPU power off

• Basic input/output system (BIOS)– First code run when the system is powered on

• Bootstrap loader– Program—locates and loads the operating system into RAM

• Complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS)

– Starts the power-on self-test and verifies other system components are operating correctly

• Power-on self-test (POST)– Checks circuitry and RAM, marking defective locations

What’s on the Motherboard?

• ROM (con’t.)– Programmable ROM (PROM) o Electrically-PROM (EPROM)– Electrically erasable PROM (EEPROM)– Flash EPROM

What’s on the Outside of the Box?

What’s on the Outside of the Box?Connectors on a notebook may vary

Hardware Devices and Their Uses

• Input Devices–Used to enter data into memory

(RAM).–Two most familiar:

• Mouse• Keyboard

Recognize Input DevicesMobile Devices Equipped with Keyboard Options

Recognize Input Devices• Pointing devices

Input Devices: Giving Commands

Input Devices: Giving Commands

• Keyboards– Connect with:

• Universal Serial Bus (USB) connector• PS/2 cable• Infrared • Radio frequency• Bluetooth

Recognize Input Devices

• Optical mouse

Input Devices: Giving Commands

• Mice– Optical—most popular pointing device– Travel—all the capabilities of a normal mouse,

half the size– Wheel—has a wheel for easy vertical scrolling– Wireless—connects through an infrared or

radio signal (RF)– Air—does not need to work on a surface, works

as it moves through the air

Input Devices: Giving Commands

• Mice alternatives– Trackball– Pointing stick– Touchpad (also called a trackpad)– Click wheel– Joystick– Stylus– Touch screen

Hardware Devices and Their Uses• Output Devices: displays

information after data has been processed in a useful format.–Monitors–Printers–Speakers and multimedia

projectors

Output Devices: Engaging Our Senses• Monitors

– Display a temporary copy (soft copy) of processed data

– Types of monitors include:• Cathode-ray tube (CRT)—legacy technology• Liquid crystal display (LCD)

– LCD (flat-panel) displays:

• Have a thin profile• Are used with newer desktops and

notebooks • Have largely replaced CRT monitors• May accommodate high-definition video

Hardware Devices and Their Uses

Output Devices: Engaging Our Senses

• Printers– Supply a hard copy of output displayed on

a computer’s monitor– Types include:

• Inkjet• Laser• Dot-matrix• Thermal-transfer (sometimes called dye

sublimation printers)• Photo• Plotters

Hardware Devices and Their Uses• Output Devices: printers

Objective 3: Hardware Devices and Their Uses

• Storage Devices– Used to store data, information, and

programs for future use.– Permanent memory– Storage device versus storage media

• Device – hardware such as hard drives or DVD drives

• Media – removable part that actually contains the stored data

Storage: Holding Data for Future Use

• Memory (RAM)– Primary memory– Temporary holding area for items in use– Primary storage

• Storage devices– Required during the computer system’s start-up

operations– Used as an output device for saving data

Objective 3: Hardware Devices and Their Uses

–Data is stored in one of three forms:• Magnetic• Optical• Flash

Methods for Storing Data• Many types of recording media

System Unit

Hardware Devices and Their Uses

• Hard disk drive– 200GB to 3TB– 300GB – 500GB good range– 5400 rpm vs. 7200 rpm– Solid state (no moving parts)

• CD, DVD, BD (Blu-ray) drives– CD – 700MB – 1 GB– DVD – 4.7GB – 17GB– BD – 25GB/50GB

Storage: Holding Data for Future Use

Hardware Devices and Their Uses

• Flash drives–2 GB – 64GB

• USB–Hard drives

• Battery operated hard drive

Methods for Storing Data• Memory cards

What’s on the Outside of the Box?• USB (universal serial

bus) ports– Connects up to 127 peripheral

devices– USB 2.0 (high-speed USB)—fully

compatible with USB 1.1 products, cables, and connectors

– Designed to replace older parallel and serial ports

– Connects a variety of devices to the computer, including:

• Keyboards• Mice• Printers• Digital cameras

What’s on the Outside of the Box?• USB 2.0

– Uses an external bus– Supports data transfer rates of 480 Mbps between

the computer and the peripheral device– Supports hot swapping—ability to connect and

disconnect devices without shutting down the computer

– Plug-and-play (PnP)—allows computers to automatically detect the device when you plug it in

• USB hub– Device that plugs into existing USB port– Contains four or more additional ports

What’s on the Outside of the Box?• FireWire (1395 ports)

– Created by Apple in 1995– IEEE 1394 Higher Performance Serial Bus, also

known as Sony i.Link– Offers high-speed connections for dozens of

peripheral devices (up to 63)– Enables hot swapping and PnP– Data transfer rates of FireWire

• FireWire 400—400 Mbps• FireWire 800—800 Mbps• FireWire S3200—next generation (expected to

transfer data at 3.2 Gbps)

What’s on the Outside of the Box?• Video connectors

– VGA (video graphics array)• 15-pin male connector—works with standard

monitor cables• Transmits analog video signals • Used for legacy technology cathode ray (CRT)

monitors– DVI (Digital visual Interface) port—lets LCD

monitors use digital signals– Onboard video—video circuitry built into the

motherboard where the video connector is on the back of the system unit case

What’s on the Outside of the Box?

• Additional connectors– Telephone– Network– PC card slot

• PC card– Sound card– Game card– TV/sound capture board

What’s on the Outside of the Box?

• Legacy technology– Older technology that is being phased out

• Examples:» Serial ports» Parallel ports» PS/2 ports » SCSI (small computer system interface)

ports

Ports & ConnectorsCONNECT PERIPHERALS TO THE MOTHERBOARD

EthernetAudio PS/2Parallel

HDMI videoStandard (VGA) video

FireWire

USB

USB FireWire

Ports & ConnectorsCONNECT PERIPHERALS TO THE MOTHERBOARD

USB Hub

Ethernet

Protection• Surge protectors

• UPS

Describe Hardware Devices and Their Uses

• Evaluating Your System–What kind of computer do you

have?• Computer > Properties

–Which operating system?–How much memory?–Drives and storage space?

Identify Types of Software and Their Uses

• System Software–Contains two main programs:

• Operating System– Manages hardware components

• Utility programs– Small applications that handle tasks

involved with management and maintenance of a system.

Identify Types of Software and Their Uses

• Operating System– Communicates with the computer and

its peripherals• Includes the user interface• Graphical User Interface (GUI)

– Icons– Menus– Dialog boxes– Windows

– contains the directions needed to start up the computer (known as the boot process)

Identify Types of Software and Their Uses

• Windows Operating System–Windows XP–Windows Vista–Windows 7

• Linux• Mac

Identify Types of Software and Their Uses

• Utility Programs

–Small applications that handle important tasks involved with computer management and maintenance

Identify Types of Software and Their Uses

• Utility Programs–Can be used to:

• Back up important files• Remove unwanted files or programs • Schedule various computer

maintenance tasks

Identify Types of Software and Their Uses

• Application Software–Programs created to perform a

specific task or solve a specific need

–Fall into one of several categories• Financial and business• Graphics and multimedia• Educational and reference• Entertainment• Communication• Productivity software

Identify Types of Software and Their Uses

–Productivity software• Word processing• Spreadsheet• Database• Presentation• Communication

Describe Networks and Define Network Terms

• Networks– Consist of two or more connected

computers plus peripheral devices – Allow users to share data, software,

and resources – Each object connected to a network

is a node– Topology– Servers

Describe Networks and Define Network Terms

• LAN– A network that connects computers

reasonably close together• WAN

– A network that covers a geographic area or begins to include other networks

Describe Networks and Define Network Terms

• Network configurations–Peer-to-peer

• Most commonly found in homes and businesses• Each node communicates with every other node

without a dedicated server among computers.

–Client/server• Typically have two different types of computers

– The client: used by an individual – The server: used by network technicians

and administrators to manage network resources

Network Servers• Domain Controller

–Domain – used to group users and computers

• File Server• Print Server• Web Server• E-mail Server

Describe Networks and Define Network Terms

• Network topologies – describes the different types of network architecture used for client/server networks.– Bus topologies – connects each node to a single,

central high-speed line known as a bus.– Ring topologies – connects each node to the next,

forming a loop.

– Star topologies – connects each node to a special

device known as a switch.

Describe Networks and Define Network Terms

• Network topologies

Identify Safe Computing Practices

• Computer Maintenance–Establish a regular maintenance

routine• Backup utilities• Disk Cleanup• Disk Defragmenter• Task Scheduler• System Restore

Identify Safe Computing Practices

• Viruses–Malicious codes or software – Invade a computer and alter or

destroy data

• Worms–Malicious programs that spread

from computer to computer–Replicate themselves

Identify Safe Computing Practices• Trojan horses

– Often appear to be a desirable software program

– Do not duplicate themselves or infect other files

– Allow intruders such as botnets• software robots that run automatically

in networks

• Phishing

Identify Safe Computing Practices• Spyware

–Captures information on a computer

–Usually not intended to harm a computer• Adware • Cookies • Key loggers

• Social Engineering

Identify Safe Computing Practices• Protecting Yourself and Your

Computer–Software updates and patches–Antivirus software

• Finds and removes viruses

–Antispyware software• Similar to antivirus software • Finds and removes spyware

Identify Safe Computing Practices• Personal firewalls

–Software programs or hardware devices• Can make computers invisible to

hackers• Can prevent hackers from turning

your computer into a zombie

Identify Safe Computing Practices

• Zombie– A remotely controlled computer used to

spread viruses, spyware, or spam– Can also be used in denial of service (DoS)

attacks

Identify Safe Computing Practices

• What else should you do to be safe online?– Do not give our personal information– Avoid spam email and phishing attacks

• Phishing is an email that masquerades as authentic organizations and ask for personal information

– Check for hoaxes and scams online– When in doubt, always check

Updates and Firewall