power, politics, and conflict in world history, 1990-2010
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Chapter
AP* Sixth Edition
World CivilizationsThe Global Experience
World CivilizationsThe Global Experience
Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc.All rights reserved.
World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth EditionStearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
Power, Politics, and Power, Politics, and Conflict in World Conflict in World History, 1990-2010History, 1990-2010
35
Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc.All rights reserved.
World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth EditionStearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
Power, Politics, and Conflict in World History, 1990-2010
I. The End of the Cold War
II. The Spread of Democracy
III. The Great Powers and New Disputes
IV. The United States as Sole Superpower
Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc.All rights reserved.
World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth EditionStearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
Power, Politics, and Conflict in World History, 1990-2010
Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc.All rights reserved.
World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth EditionStearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
The End of the Cold War
• Factors in Soviet Decline– disintegration– invasion of Afghanistan, 1979
• The Explosion of the 1980s and 1990s– Forced industrialization– environmental problems– infant mortality up– disease
Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc.All rights reserved.
World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth EditionStearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
The Age of Reform
• Mikhail Gorbachev– reforms, 1985
nuclear reduction missiles limited withdraws from Afghanistan
– glasnost
Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc.All rights reserved.
World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth EditionStearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
The Age of Reform
• Mikhail Gorbachev– perestroika
foreign investment encouraged military spending down
– new constitution, 1988– re-elected, 1990
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World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth EditionStearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
The End of the Cold War
•Dismantling the Soviet Empire–Eastern Europe
Soviet troops out Bulgaria• free elections, 1989
Hungary, Poland• new governments, 1988
Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc.All rights reserved.
World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth EditionStearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
The End of the Cold War
•Dismantling the Soviet Empire–Eastern Europe
Czechoslovakia• new government, 1989
East Germany• communist leaders out, 1989
Berlin Wall falls, 1991 Bulgaria, Romania• communists keep some power
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World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth EditionStearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
The End of the Cold War
•Dismantling the Soviet Empire–Ethnic struggles–Yugoslavia breaks apart
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World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth EditionStearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
Post-Soviet Union Russia, Eastern Europe and central Asia
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World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth EditionStearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
Renewed Turmoil in the 1990s
• Gorbachev– coup, 1991– Soviet Union dissolved by late 1991– resigns
• Boris Yeltsin– succeeds Gorbachev– succeeded by Vladimir Putin
Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc.All rights reserved.
World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth EditionStearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
The Spread of Democracy
• Spain, Portugal, Greece– democracies
• Latin America– all but Cuba by 2000
• Mexico– non-PRI president
• South Korea, Taiwan– democracy expanded
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World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth EditionStearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
The Spread of Democracy
• Philippines– new government
• South Africa– apartheid ended
• Nigeria– democratic government, 1999
Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc.All rights reserved.
World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth EditionStearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
The Spread of Democracy
• Indonesia– end of authoritarian government
• Georgia, Ukraine– democratic elections
• Uzbekistan– democratization suppressed
• Saudi Arabia– local elections
Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc.All rights reserved.
World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth EditionStearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
The Spread of Democracy
• Kuwait– women vote
• Palestine– local elections
• Egypt– opposition repressed
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World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth EditionStearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
Democracy and its Limits
• China, North Korea, parts of Middle East, central Asia
• Beijing– demonstrations, 1989, suppressed
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World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth EditionStearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
The Great Powers and New Disputes
• The Former Soviet Union– Ethnic conflict
Chechnya Armenia, Azerbaijan Czechoslovakia splits
– Yugoslavia– Orthodox Serbs– Catholic Croats– Serbs
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World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth EditionStearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
The Great Powers and New Disputes
• The Former Soviet Union– Muslim Bosnians– Slovenia, Croatia
independent, 1991
– Serbs attack Croats, Muslims NATO intervenes Bosnia-Herzegovina recognized
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World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth EditionStearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
The Great Powers and New Disputes
• The Former Soviet Union– Kosovo
NATO involvement
– Serbia, Montenegro replace Yugoslovia
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World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth EditionStearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
The Implosion of Yugoslavia 1991-1999
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World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth EditionStearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
Endemic Conflicts
• Iraq and Iran– conflict– Saddam Hussein
• Iraq invades Kuwati, 1990– Persian Gulf War, 1991
• Palestine and Israel• India and Pakistan
– Kashmir
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World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth EditionStearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
Ethnic and Other Conflicts: A New Surge
• Czechoslovakia– peaceful division– Czech Republic– Slovakia
• Chechnya– independence, 1990
• Sudan, Sierra Leone, Liberia
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World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth EditionStearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
Ethnic and Other Conflicts: A New Surge
• Rwanda– Hutu-Tutsi rivalry
Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc.All rights reserved.
World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth EditionStearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
The United States as Sole Superpower
• The United States and Other Power Centers– European Union– George W. Bush
• Anti-American Terrorism and ResponseSeptember 11, 2001 – "War on Terror"
Afghanistan Iraq
Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc.All rights reserved.
World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth EditionStearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
Main U.S. Overseas Military Installations by 2007
Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc.All rights reserved.
World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth EditionStearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
Global Connections: New Global Standards, New Divisions
• End of cold war– Fewer large division– But regional conflicts expand
• U.S. as sole superpower– Use of this power questioned– Reactions to the U.S. role
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