potential benefits that sentinel-2 data could bring to...
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Potential benefits that Sentinel-2 data could bring to characterise and monitor forestry,
simulated through SPOT 4 Take5 data
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Colette Meyer1, Stephen Clandillon1, Henri Giraud1, Mathilde Caspard1, Jérôme Maxant1, Hervé Yesou1, Paul de Fraipont1, Arnaud Selle2
1SERTIT, France; 2CNES, France
Sentinel 2 For Science Workshop ESRIN, Frascati, Italy 20-22 May 2014
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Applications Land management and urban planning
Natural resource monitoring Environmental studies
Natural disaster and risk management
National and international research projects
Specification of future space systems Image processing methods
Validation and qualification tools Geoinformation based expert systems
Resources A multi-disciplinary team Remote sensing and GIS specialised equipment A research/university environment within Strasbourg university
Sentinel 2 For Science Workshop – ESRIN, Frascati, Italy – 20-22 May 2014
SERTIT, a remote sensing and GIS technological transfer service
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SERTIT’s experience in forest monitoring
1990 SPOT 2
1999 SPOT 4
2002 SPOT 5
2009 SPOT5
20 years monitoring
Mapping the changes between each image pair...
Forestry under pressure on the Alsace plain
- encroaching urbanization - other landuses such as vineyards
Sentinel 2 For Science Workshop – ESRIN, Frascati, Italy – 20-22 May 2014
Long-term inventory and monitoring on a regular basis of forest clear cuts using Sentinel-2 type data (SPOT)
Forest clear cuts between Mapping on the Alsace plain
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SERTIT’s experience in forest monitoring Natural disaster impact mapping Lothar Storm windfall damage, Alsace
SPOT 4 September 1999 image, acquired just before the storm
SPOT 5 September 2002 image, acquired after storm at the request of foresters
December 1999 The devastating Lothar
and Martin storms struck Western Europe
Windfall damage
Early mapping studies Before and after Coherence Radar Products (CAR) used to detect storm damage (ESA study , 2001)
Sentinel 2 For Science Workshop – ESRIN, Frascati, Italy – 20-22 May 2014
Windfall damage mapping on the Alsace region
5 Sentinel 2 For Science Workshop – ESRIN, Frascati, Italy – 20-22 May 2014
Coniferous
Deciduous
Aims: • Up-to-date inventory & 3D forestry terrain analysis • Integrated into the official storm preparedness dossier
Forest inventory distinguishing between coniferous and deciduous stands in 2009
…forestry terrain 3D analyses
SERTIT’s experience in forest monitoring
Part of a multi-disciplinary effort to preparing for the next storm to hit Alsace Region
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SPOT4 Take 5 programme by CESBIO
o Simulation of Sentinel 2 data
o Images acquired between February and June 2013
o High data acquisition frequency (an image every 5 days)
o 20m visible, near infrared and mid-infrared bands Study objectives
• Tree species differentiation over the Alsace plain‘s deciduous forests with SPOT4 Take 5 data
• Use of field data originating from public (ONF, Office National des Forêts) and private (CRPF) sector foresters (tree species, stand structure and typology)
In other words:
Tree phenology evolution can be followed every 5 days with the dataset
Does the high frequency monitoring help to better differentiate between tree species?
Forestry - Tree species differentiation Using SPOT4 Take 5 programme dataset
Funded by a R&T CNES Programme
SPOT4 Take 5 covering area
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23/04 08/05 18/05 02/06 07/06 17/06
o SPOT 4 data acquisition during the vegetation development phase between February and June 2013
o An unlucky acquisition programme, Spring 2013 was one of the most cloudy on record
o Not possible to use the cloudy February, March and early April images, only the 4th of March data cloudless
o Partial use of the images acquired after the 23rd of April, only one is almost cloudless (the17th of June)
Acceptable image data
Forestry - Tree species differentiation Sentinel 2 simulation SPOT4 Take 5 dataset
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Analysis of the multi-temporal data’s spectral characteristics per deciduous species during the vegetation development period:
• with the SPOT4 Take 5 dataset
• using field samples of representative, pure, mono-species forestry parcels,
• supplemented by field campaigns nearly synchronous with satellite image acquisitions in order to register the phenological development phase.
Deciduous tree-species: pedunculate oak and beech (the main species), red oak, poplar and black locust
Forest samples where selected in areas with no cloud cover in the selected SPOT 4 Take 5 data
Location of the field samples
Forestry - Tree species differentiation Methodology
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Field observation
SPOT 4 acquisition Beech Beech
Pedunculate oak
17/04 26/04
Pedunculate oak
Field campaigns realized from late April to early May:
• survey with photos describing the phenological development phase in the field with GPS positioning
• not always useable because of cloudy acquisitions
• most of the vegetation’s development took place rapidly within a few mild and sunny days (17 - 26 Avril) after a cool and cloudy period
Forestry - Tree species differentiation Field trips
23/04 08/05 18/05 02/06 07/06 17/06
06/05
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Second Date Third Date
First Date
Beech Red oak
All parcels alike More vegetation on beech parcels
Leaves of beech and red oak parcels are not developed
Use of mono-species forestry parcels extracted from private sector forester databases
Forestry - Tree species differentiation Multi-temporal spectral analysis
Case study 1: Haguenau 23/04 08/05 18/05 02/06 07/06 17/06
SPOT 4 acquisition
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Red oak / Beech are separable in early May
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Forestry - Tree species differentiation Multi-temporal spectral analysis
Case study 1: Haguenau
Beech
Red oak
SPOT 4 acquisition
23/04 08/05 18/05 02/06 07/06 17/06
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Very white black locust sectors clearly visible
Brighter-coloured black locust areas Presence of only oak leaves
Pedunculate oak
Black locust Red oak
Forestry - Tree species differentiation Multi-temporal spectral analysis
Case study 2: Epfig 23/04 08/05 18/05 02/06 07/06 17/06
Second Date Third Date
First Date
Use of centres from square mono-species forestry grid samples (ONF, public forestry sector)
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06/05
Black locust
Red oak http://apistory.fr/PAGES/robinier.html
Field observation SPOT 4 acquisition
Forestry - Tree species differentiation Multi-temporal spectral analysis
Case study 2: Epfig
23/04 08/05 18/05 02/06 07/06 17/06
Pedunculate oak
Black locust
Red oak
The flowering black locust
Black locust is highly separable early June
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European Regional Development Fund European Territorial Cooperation
2007-2013
Forestry - Tree species differentiation The Chestnut in the Upper Rhine Valley
o A multi-partner Franco-German study within an Interreg IV Upper Rhine project
o The study aims to conserve and valorise the Chestnut tree, a species that overlooks the vineyards of the area
o Presently, this tree is sometimes victim to die-offs caused by a canker
o In this project, SERTIT mapped chestnut tree plantations using Sentinel 2 type data (SPOT 5) from a multi-date imagery database
Field Validation campaign by foresters (CRPF) • 52 control points in chestnut tree
stands • Field surveys for each point of the
proportion of chestnut tree cover
Presence of chestnut trees at 96 % of control points
81%
9% 6% 4%
>= 75%
50 - 75%
25 - 50%
0%
Chestnut tree proportion survey
Chestnut tree mapping on the Alsace Region
Forestry - Tree species differentiation The Chestnut in the Upper Rhine Valley
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Chestnut late budding in spring Profuse flowering in July
April July
Oak
Beech
Chestnut
Red channel spectral responses
Development of a methodology for chestnut tree mapping with multi temporal SPOT 5 data and using deciduous tree field samples
Forestry - Tree species differentiation The Chestnut in the Upper Rhine Valley
September
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• Tree species differentiation is illustrated using the SPOT 4 Take5 time series despite the thick cloud cover during the acquisition period
• Promising results have led to interesting ideas for future studies in the field of tree species mapping, especially with Sentinel 2 data
• Sentinel 2 will offer: o a year-round monitoring , covering the whole forestry species vegetation cycle,
o a multi-annual acquisition time-span, so bad weather conditions can be accommodated,
o a worldwide coverage,
o an increased potential with the wider range of spectral bands (Red edge, SWIR), o a guaranteed long term coverage (with S2A, B, C…). …which together should open the Horizon to new and interesting forestry applications
Forestry - Tree species differentiation Conclusion
Parc d'Innovation, Bd. Sébastien Brant, BP 10413 67412 ILLKIRCH CEDEX- France
Tel: +33 (0)3 90 24 46 47
Thank you for your attention colette.meyer@sertit.u-stasbg.fr http://sertit.u-strasbg.fr/
Sentinel 2 For Science Workshop ESRIN, Frascati, Italy 20-22 May 2014
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