political parties iii
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Political PartiesPolitical Parties
What is the difference between the Republicans and the Democrats?
Why are political parties important in a democracy?Why does the US only have two viable parties?
Voter BehaviorVoter Behavior
Political SocializationPolitical Socialization Source of political beliefs and attitudes
Family and the Social Environment Education Peers Leaders’ Influence Media Political events
Example:– The Great Depression – 60’s and the Vietnam War Era
What are political parties? What are political parties?
Definition Political party is an
organization that seeks to attain political power within a government
Usually by participating in electoral campaigns.
Parties often support a certain ideology
Subgroups interests are integrated
George WashingtonGeorge Washington
“Baneful effects of the spirit of party.”
The ConstitutionThe Constitution
Says nothing about political parties. Why?
Founding fathers felt parties were wicked and corrupt.
Did not want parties to control politics.
Did not want to pervade the entire country and create factions.
Institutional Constraints on Political Parties
Institutional Constraints on Political Parties
Structure and Strength of Parties: Majoritarian or Proportional Representation History Presidential or Parliamentary System Laws and Constitution
Theory: Lipset and RokkanTheory: Lipset and Rokkan
Theory on Political Cleavages Parties that were formed in the aftermath of political,
religious, and economic revolutions are frozen. State vs. Church Worker vs. Owner Land vs. Industry Center vs. Periphery (Fed vs. State)
These have and will continue to exist in the political arena despite new issues and challenges.
Today’s Major US Political Parties and Ideology
Today’s Major US Political Parties and Ideology
Republican Party (GOP)- Considered the more
socially conservative and economically neoliberal.
Laissez-Faire Economics Party Chairman- Ken
Mehlman Democratic Party-
Considered more socially liberal and economically interventionist.
Party Chairman- Howard Dean
US Parties: First Party System (before 1824)
US Parties: First Party System (before 1824)
American Revolution
Federalist•Founded by Hamilton
Anti federalist•Founded by Jefferson
Jackson split into a Democratic party
Adams remained in the Republican party, but latter called the Whigs
US Parties: First Party System (before 1824)
US Parties: First Party System (before 1824)
Federalist and Ant federalist Before the adoption of the Constitution, groups formed around
either supporting or opposing its ratification. Significance of parties grew in the second presidential election.
Transformation of nascent party platforms Federalist-
Commercial Interest Strong Federal Government
Anti-federalist became Republicans (Democratic-Republicans) Artisans and farmers States rights
US Parties: The Feel Good EraUS Parties: The Feel Good Era
Consolidation of US Government
Republicans
Jackson split into a Democratic party
Adams remained in the Republican party, but latter called the Whigs
The Era of Feel GoodThe Era of Feel Good
Transformation of two party system Most people votes Republican. Virtual collapse of the Federalist party by
1816 No opposition party, so internal fighting.
Republican Platform Still opposed federalist ideas of big central
govt, but the US govt acquired Lo. And Fl. Established national bank
US Parties: Second Party System (1824–1854)
US Parties: Second Party System (1824–1854)
Prelude to Civil War
Democrats: JacksonWhig party (National Republicans )
Southern Whigs ceased to exist (dealigned)
Lincoln’s Republican party:Northern Whigs realigned, and united with antislavery Democrats
and radical antislavery Free Soil party
Parties: Second Party System (1824–1854)
Parties: Second Party System (1824–1854)
Republican Split The “era of personal politics” created faction in
Republican party, Adams altered the name to National Republicans.
Later became the Whigs. Jackson formed the Democratic Party
Platforms Whigs
Federal spending on infrastructure Democrats
Personal Liberty Opportunity for the common man (only white man)
US Parties: Third Party System: Civil War and Post Civil War
(1854–1896)
US Parties: Third Party System: Civil War and Post Civil War
(1854–1896)
Slavery split parties Whigs split
Realignment- Northern industrialist merged with antislavery democrats and Free Soil party to form the Modern Republican Party (anti-slavery party)
Dealignment- Southern Planters felt that a strong federal govt could also free slaves, so party cease to exist
US Parties: Third Party System: Post Civil War (1854–1896)
US Parties: Third Party System: Post Civil War (1854–1896)
Post Civil War
Democrats
•Dominated the white south for decades
Republicans
•Protestant curriculum•Limited/prohibited the sale of alcohol
US Parties: Third Party System: Post Civil War (1854–1896)
US Parties: Third Party System: Post Civil War (1854–1896)
Stronger Republicans Strong federal government to promote business and
economic growth. Impose evangelical Protestant morals on society. Republican merged urban dwellers
Southern Democrats After Civil War, white southern feared that strong
Republicans will make them treats blacks fairly. Democrats merge Populist party
US Parties: Fourth Party System/ Progressive Era (1896–1932)
US Parties: Fourth Party System/ Progressive Era (1896–1932)
Industrial Revolution
Democrats Republicans
1912 split : T. Roosevelt ran on the Bull Moose Ticket
US Parties: Fourth Party System/ Progressive Era (1896–1932)
US Parties: Fourth Party System/ Progressive Era (1896–1932)
Republican split Teddy Roosevelt created splinter party (Bull Moose
Party) Split the Republican Vote, so Wilson was able to win
Wilson’s Democrats Radical Change Govt. manipulation of the economy Progressive philosophy except for African Americans.
New Deal/Fifth Party System (1932–1964)
New Deal/Fifth Party System (1932–1964)
Depression and New Deal
Democrats Republicans
60’sDemocrats split from economic
and social Conservatives in south into republican base
60’ssocial progressives African
Americans remained Democrats
New Deal/Fifth Party System (1932–1964)
New Deal/Fifth Party System (1932–1964)
Democrats greater transformation Major intervention in the economy New Deal relief available to both whites and
blacks
Republicans Little government intervention Let private groups help
Function of Political Parties
Function of Political Parties
To mobilize the public in an organization Organize and run elections Recruit Candidates (strategy: TO WIN) Presenting alternative policies Accepting responsibility for the operation
of govt. (advocating party agenda) Acting as opposition to party in power
Soft Money Raised by Parties, 1993-2002
Soft Money Raised by Parties, 1993-2002
Parties: Party Structure Parties: Party Structure National Level
Pres. controls National Convention Party Chairperson National Committee
State level Governor controls State Conventions State party chairperson Party Boss
Local Level (Grassroots) County Committee County Chairperson District Leaders Precinct or ward captains Party Workers
Primary ElectionsPrimary Elections
Candidates official nomination process All parties will select their candidate for the
general election Presidential, Gubernatorial, Congressional, Senate
candidates Any contested seat within party
Front-Loading: State determines the date for its primary (NH) or
caucus (IW) Early primaries are more influential
– States compete to schedule their primaries as early as possible
Parties in ActionParties in Action
Meetings Quadrennial Nominate presidential
candidate Reveals party platform Introduces new and upcoming
stars Establishes party momentum
Government Provides funding for
candidates Whips legislators
Finances Fund raising
Political CartoonPolitical Cartoon
Accountability to the VotersAccountability to the Voters
Presidential and Parliamentary Systems
Viable third parties
Role of the CitizenRole of the Citizen
QuizQuiz
How did Josh keep party members in line with the party’s platform and agenda?
QuizQuiz
Why are political parties essential to Democracy? And what tools do parties use to satisfy their members?
Political CartoonPolitical Cartoon
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