planets and moons - fraser heights chess clubfraserheightschess.com/documents/themoon.pdf · moon...
Post on 03-Jun-2020
1 Views
Preview:
TRANSCRIPT
THE MOON
• Our Solar System is
located about 2/3
from the center of
our galaxy.
•The Sun is one of
over 100 billion stars
in the Milky Way.
OUR PLACE IN THE MILKY WAY
OVERVIEW OF THE SOLAR SYSTEM
The Solar System consists of
• The Sun - the central star of the system
• Eight planets, circling around the Sun
• Moons
• Asteroids
• Meteorites
• Comets
WHAT IS THE MOON?
• The Moon is the only ‘natural satellite’ of the planet Earth.
• The Moon orbits around the planet Earth.
• The Moon stays in its orbit due to the gravitational pull of the Earth.
• We see the moon because it reflects the Sun’s light
MOON FACTS • Mount Huygens is the tallest
mountain on the Moon, it is 4700 meters tall, just over half the height of Mt Everest (8848m).
• The Moon rotates on its axis in around the same length of time it takes to orbit the Earth. This means that from Earth we only ever see around 60% of its surface (50% at any one time).
• The side that we can see from Earth is called the near side while the other side is called the far side (it is sometimes called the dark side despite the fact that it illuminated by the Sun just as much as the near side).
Earth
7930 miles (12,756.3 km) diameter
23 degree axis tilt (seasons!)
Surface temps –73 to 48 C (-100 to 120F)
Thick atmosphere, mild greenhouse effect
Liquid water – lots! - at surface
2160 miles (3476 km) diameter
7 degree tilt (~no seasons)
Surface temps - 107 C to –153 C (224 F to –243 F)
No atmosphere
No liquid water … Ice at poles in shadows?
Moon
Earth
Active wind/water erosion
Impacts
Active volcanoes
Earthquakes
Active magnetic field
Few craters
Geologically Active!
Moon
NO Active wind/water erosion
Impacts
NO active volcanoes
Small moonquakes
NO active magnetic field
Buckets of craters
Geologically Inactive!
Earth
Moon
HOT! Not so hot!
Why so different?
Earth
Plate tectonics!
Moon
NO plate tectonics
THE TIDES
• Tides caused by pull of Moon’s gravity on Earth
• High tide – • Side facing Moon and side away from Moon
• Every 12 hours, 25 ½ minutes
• Low tide – • On sides of Earth
BIRTH OF THE MOON
• “Born” 4-5 billion years ago
• Formed from impact of Mars-sized planet on Earth
• Debris from both objects melted together to form the Moon
CUT TO THE CORE
Three main layers of the Lunar interior
• Crust - average thickness of about 70km
• Mantle
• Core - radius about 400 km
THE MOON’S SURFACE
• No atmosphere
• No liquid water
• Extreme temperatures • Daytime = 130C
(265°F)
• Nighttime = -190C (-310 F)
• 1/6 Earth’s gravity
LUNAR FEATURES - HIGHLANDS
• Mountains up to 7500 m (25,000 ft) tall
• Rilles (trenchlike valleys)
LUNAR FEATURES - CRATERS
• Up to 2500 km (1,553 miles) across
• Most formed by meteorite impact on the Moon
• Some formed by volcanic action inside the Moon
LUNAR FEATURES - MARIA
• Originally thought to be “seas” by early astronomers
• Darkest parts of lunar landscape
• Filled by lava after crash of huge meteorites on lunar surface 3-4 billion years ago
• Mostly basalt rock
Maria
Craters
Can you see the rays?
Does this photo show
us a limb or terminator
line?
FAR SIDE OF THE MOON
• First seen by Luna 3 Russian space probe in 1959
• Surface features different from near side • More craters
• Very few maria
• Thicker crust
IT’S JUST A PHASE
• Moonlight is reflected sunlight
• Half the moon’s surface is always reflecting light
• From Earth we see different amounts of the Moon’s lit surface
• The amount seen is called a “phase”
FULL
QUARTER
CRESCENT
GIBBOUS
FOUR MAIN SHAPES
EXPLORING THE MOON
• 1950s to 1960s - probes
• Neil Armstrong First man on the Moon – July 20, 1969
• Six Apollo missions (1969-1972) • 382 kg (842 lbs)
rocks
• 12 Americans have walked on the moon
RETURN TO THE MOON!
• 2012 – Develop and test technologies for resource utilization, communications, power
• 2014 – CEV, Ares launch vehicle
• 2018 – Humans for week-long stays
• Next: 45-day stays at outposts
MOON BASE OF THE FUTURE?
• What would you need to live there?
RESOURCES
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BzRd4qzyS1c
http://www.scholastic.com/teachers/article/all-about-moon
http://voices.yahoo.com/topic/8671/nasa.html?cat=15
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hm1eL37gDGY
http://www.scientificpsychic.com/etc/moonmap/moon-map.html
top related