picaxe gaming system
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© COPLIN 2016-2021 www.kodeklix.com.au Page 8®
KodeKLIX Overview
Download Code/Data
Signals
Processing
Laptop
Sensors & Actuators
© COPLIN 2016-2021 www.kodeklix.com.au Page 9®
What is in a KodeKLIX Kit?Kit includes these parts: SnapCPUTM with USB coding cable* Battery box** LEDs Switches Light sensor Speaker Connecting
links and wires
Comprehensive Support: Comprehensive User Manual Structured 7 Chapter Course Over 35 Projects with circuits and code All Code included, web updatable Tutorial information Quizzes and Challenges
* PC connection build-in. USB coding cable supplied.
** Two AA batteries required (not included).
© COPLIN 2016-2021 www.kodeklix.com.au Page 12®
SnapCPU – adds the ‘brain’
C.1
C.2
C.4
B+
B-
C.3
DL* Link
* Download link connects to your computer to send new code. C.0 flashes during downloading.
C.0 C.1 C.2RED GREEN BLUE
© COPLIN 2016-2021 www.kodeklix.com.au Page 43®
Project 0.4Variable Resistor (no SnapCPU required)
Assemble the snap components as shown in “Circuit 0.4”
For the LED to light, adjust the dial on the variable resistor [53B]
Try adjusting the dial** clock-wise and anti-clockwise until the LED lights
Investigate the sensitivity of the dial’s position to the brightness of the LED Circuit
0.4
** the dial controls the resistance of the component allowing more or less energy to flow to the LED. The more energy that flows the brighter the LED
Completed
Dial
© COPLIN 2016-2021 www.kodeklix.com.au Page 44®
Level 0: Quick Quiz What is missing? Complete circuits
Q0.1, Q0.2 and Q0.3 by adding a KLIX part.
There is something wrong incircuit Q0.4; DO NOT build it. What is it that is wrong?
Circuit Q0.3
Circuit Q0.4
Circuit Q0.1
Circuit Q0.2
© COPLIN 2016-2021 www.kodeklix.com.au Page 67®
Push button input to SnapCPUTM
Assemble the snap components as shown in circuit 2.1; Construct the BLOCKLY code below and download to the SnapCPU
TM
Observe the LED C.0 light up whilst input C.4 is connected to “high” via [14]
Review the following BLOCKLY code to understand what is happening
Project 2.1
Circuit 2.1**code set to read from input C.4
Connecting to “high” is the equivalent of connecting to the +ve terminal of the battery box.
Completed
A push-button switch is momentary (only valid when being pressed) so needs to be held until the code “sees” it.
Challenge: modify the code to make C.0 stay lit for a fixed time after the button C.4 is pressed.
* The SnapCPUTM
connections C.1, C.2, and C.4 are normally “pulled” low, or electrically speaking connected to –ve via a large resistance component; this gives the SnapCPU
TMsome definition
when nothing is connected.
© COPLIN 2016-2021 www.kodeklix.com.au Page 77®
Input controlling LED Output via the SnapCPUTM
Assemble the snap components as shown in circuit 3.2
Construct the BLOCKLY code below and download to the SnapCPU
TM
Note which colour LED lights up when the input at C.1 is connected to “high”
Spin the GR-LED [09] around; which is colour now lit?
Project 3.2
** LED components are a type of diode, which means that they only light up when current flows in a particular direction. The combo sensor has the two LEDs aligned in opposing directions.
** Input C.1 “high”
** pulse output at C.2 for 1000ms
Completed
Circuit 3.2
© COPLIN 2016-2021 www.kodeklix.com.au Page 85®
Level 3: Challenges
TRAFFIC WALK LIGHTS
Modify circuit 3.3 and codeto act like a traffic crossing
Add /use a switch to request “I want to cross the road”
Upon request, wait 10seconds then change lights from RED to GREEN for 20seconds, and then back to RED
If you want to be extra tricky
Modify your code to flash REDfor 5seconds before staying RED
© COPLIN 2016-2021 www.kodeklix.com.au Page 94®
About Binary Numbers…
Binary numbers are how computers count
Humans count in “tens” because we have 10 digits on our hands
Computers count with digits 0 and 1 only
Decimal Binary
0 0 000
1 1 001
2 10 010
3 11 011
4 100 100
5 101 101
6 110 110
7 111 111
© COPLIN 2016-2021 www.kodeklix.com.au Page 106®
Built in tunes
Assemble the snap components as shown in Circuit 5.7; Construct the BLOCKLY code below and download to the SnapCPU
TM
Press button [C.3] and observe the change in tone
Review the following BLOCKLY code** to understand what is happening
Project 5.7
**Whilst C.3 pressed “on” louder tone plays
Circuit 5.7
Completed
Tune to be played is identified by check/tick mark
Note: Tunes whether built-in of customised are only supported on snap C.2 of the SnapCPU08DX
Tunes only supported on the C.2
Snap.
KodeKLIX®
Plug-in Required
© COPLIN 2016-2021 www.kodeklix.com.au Page 113®
SFX – Keyboard Synthesizer
Some PICAXE support the TUNE command TUNEs are played in the foreground, so the PICAXE pauses whilst the notes are played
TUNEs can be created from the “keyboard” interface
KodeKLIX® introduces new ways to play TUNEs in the background by translating the routines to EEPROM stored codes Background TUNEs still pause for each note played
Background PWM tunes do not pause for each note played (note: some limitations on tune complexity apply)
Start New TUNE
Note Details
End current TUNE
Pause / Rest Interval
Tempo Setting
Keyboard (octave)
© COPLIN 2016-2021 www.kodeklix.com.au Page 120®
Analog-to-Digital Concepts
Analog-to-Digital Digital-to-Analog
0-255 is 8-bit Resolution
DigitisingAnalog signals are understood by digital systems only after they have been digitised, Digitising involves measuring the analog signal and storing those values. The scale used to measure determines the accuracy of the digitised version.
Low 2-bit Resolution
Better 3-bit Resolution
0
1
2
3
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
BINARY: 1’s and 0’s only; DECIMAL regular 0-9 digits used
© COPLIN 2016-2021 www.kodeklix.com.au Page 125®
Reading User Adjustable Controls
Assemble the snap components as shown in Circuit 6.4; Construct the BLOCKLY code below and download to the SnapCPU
TM
Set the slide to the middle; adjust the code value until LED C.0 turns “on”
Repeat for each end position of the slide and plot the three data points on a graph
Project 6.4
Circuit 6.4
Challenge: Repeat the above exercise for 10 equally spaced points and plot the value of varA against the distance that the slide has moved. Is the result a line or a curve?
**adjusting the threshold will determine when the action will occur
Completed
**rather than on/off, get a scale value from the light sensor between 0 and 255
Alternate to rotary is slide type
Code is same as Project 6.1
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