photograph tech for aau
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A Technical Introduc1on to Photography
Ida C. Benede9o Addis Ababa University January 13, 2010
This presenta1on covers: Basic technical aspects of exposure and image post-‐produc1on
This presenta1on does NOT cover: Composi1on, aesthe1cs, ethics, and visual storytelling.
Photography is ‘light wri1ng.’
Neil Selkirk
Light
Source Intensity Quality Color
Direct Sunlight
Constantine Manos
Oblique Sunlight
Overcast
Steve McCurry
Twilight
Alex Webb
Ar1ficial, Mul1ple Sources
Jonas Bendickson
Ar1ficial, Single Source
Alexandrea Boulat
Exposure is measured in stops.
Double the light is +1 stop.
Half the light is -‐1 stop.
Underexposure – not enough light loss of detail in shadows
Overexposure – too much light loss of detail in highlights no true blacks
The in-‐camera light meter will tell you if your seZngs will result in a properly exposed photo or not.
You have three tools to control light exposure;
ISO, Shudder Speed, and Aperture.
ISO measures how sensi1ve the photographic plane(either a digital sensor or film) is to light. ISO is also referred to as film speed.
The lower the number, the less sensi1ve the photographic plane is to light. The typical range of ISO is 50 to 3200.
With higher the ISO (more sensi1ve to light), the photograph will have more grain or digital noise.
Shu9er Speed indicates how long the shu9er is open for each exposure.
Shu9er speeds are measured in frac1ons of seconds or whole seconds.
Slower shu9er speeds will result in mo1on blur in the photograph. For hand held shots, shu9er speeds slower than 1/60 are likely to be blurry.
Aperture indicates how wide the shudder will be open during the exposure.
Aperture is measured in f-‐stops. The lower the number, the wider the aperture opening.
The photograph’s depth of field is effected by the aperture. Large apertures (small f-‐stop #) result in shallow depth of field. Small apertures (big f-‐stop #) result in large depth of field.
TV -‐ Shu9er Speed Priority
AV – Aperture Priority
M – Manual
You want to freeze mo1on.
100 ISO -‐ f5 -‐ 1/500
100 ISO -‐ f2.8 -‐ 1/500
You want mo1on blur.
100 ISO -‐ f/11 -‐ 1/50
100 ISO -‐ f/8.0 -‐ 1/60
You want to freeze mo1on.
400 ISO -‐ f2.8 -‐ 1/500
400 ISO -‐ f2.8 -‐ 1/500
You want everything in focus.
600 ISO -‐ f8 -‐ 1/60
600 ISO -‐ f8 -‐ 1/60
You want a few people in focus.
600 ISO -‐ f2.8 -‐ 1/500 or 200 ISO -‐ f2.8 -‐ 1/60
You want a the subject to be crisp.
1000 ISO -‐ f2.8 -‐ 0”2
1000 ISO -‐ f2.8 -‐ 0”2
You want to freeze mo1on.
Good luck…
Good luck…
Two more things to keep in mind…
Focal length indicates the lens’ the degree of magnifica1on and the angle of view.
Focal length is measured in degrees. The smaller the number, the lower the magnifica1on and the wider the view.
Since the focal length effects angle of view, the shape and posi1on of objects will differ at different focal lengths.
Color temperature is the color of the light based on various ligh1ng condi1ons.
Color temperature is measured in kelvins ranging from 1000 to 9300.
Our eyes automa1cally adjust for color temperature. Digital cameras do too, but not as well. Color temp. can be corrected or accentuated in post-‐produc1on.
Now ask some ques1ons.
Then, go experiment.
Ida C. Benede9o www.idaimages.com idaimages@gmail.com
This presentation is licensed Creative Commons.
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