phd thesis defense of ajith ranabahu
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2
The Story of the Biology Professor
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What is the best way for me to crunch my
numbers?
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In house cluster
All logos are trademarks of the respective organizations
Public cloud
Privatecloud
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What is the issue here?
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Programming for the cloud is hard!
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Cloud software stacks are
incompatible!
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Abstraction Driven Application and Data Portability in Cloud
Computing
Ajith H. Ranabahu
PhD Candidate
Ohio Center of Excellence in Knowledge-enabled Computing (kno.e.sis)
Wright State University
Dayton OH
Dissertation Defense: 26th July 201226th July 2012
Carefully crafted abstractions provide a means to develop, deploy and manage cloud applications in a
platform agnostic manner
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Agenda
• Overview of Using Abstractions
• Abstractions for program generation
• Abstractions for cloud interaction
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Cloud in a nutshell
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XaaS
Data
Analytics
Hadoop
Logos and Images are trademarks of the respective companies / projects
Platform as a service (PaaS)
Software as a service (SaaS)
Infrastructure as a service (IaaS)
What is the problem?
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Programming for the cloud and keeping the applications portable is
hard!
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Vendor lock-in is a major concern in cloud adoption
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Future of Cloud computing survey by North Bridge, showing the top 10 concerns in Cloud computing. Full survey available at http://www.northbridge.com/2012-cloud-computing-survey, released on June 20th 2012
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• Overview of Using Abstractions
• Abstractions for program generation
• Abstractions for cloud interaction
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Why Abstract?
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Completely decouple the cloud from applications!
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What to Abstract?
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Development of cloud applications
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Deployment of cloud applications
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Management of cloud applications
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How to Abstract?
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What is already out there?
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Abstraction Based Mobile Application Generators
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Abstraction Based Cloud Web Application Generators
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Pla
tfor
m I
ndep
ende
nce
Complexity
Direct Programming
General Programming Language based Frameworks
Solution area we are interested in
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Abstractions for cloud interaction - Cloud Brokers and Integrators
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API Libraries
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Pla
tfor
m I
ndep
ende
nce
Complexity
Original Cloud APIs
API Based solutions
Solution Area we are interested in
Cloud brokers
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What are our Solutions?
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Program using Domain Specific
Languages
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Interact (Deploy and Manage)
via Middleware
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• Overview of Using Abstractions
• Abstractions for program generation
• Abstractions for cloud interaction
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Preliminaries – A background on
Languages
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What makes up a Language?
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•Abstract Syntax Model (ASM)o An abstract model of what the language
represents
•Concrete Syntax Model (CSM)o The syntax of the language
•Transformationso A mapping from ASM to CSM or vice versa
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Abstract Syntax Model
Concrete Syntax Model
Transformation
=
X Y
+ ZX + Y = Z
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What is a Domain Specific Language
(DSL)?
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A domain-specific language (DSL) is a programming language or executable specification language that offers, through appropriate notations and abstractions, expressive power focused on, and usually restricted to, a particular problem domain.
A. van Deursen, P. Klint, and J. Visser, “Domain-specific languages: an annotated bibliography,” SIGPLAN Not., vol. 35, no. 6, pp. 26–36, 2000.
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A domain is a set of operations / activities of interest
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A model is an abstraction of a system or its environment
or both
K. Czarnecki and S. Helsen, “Feature-based survey of model transformation approaches,” IBM Systems Journal, vol. 45, no. 3, pp. 621–645, 2006.
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Domain Models and DSLs
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The Modeling Hierarchy
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Meta-Metamodels
Domain Models
Metamodels
Computer Based Systems
describe
describe
describe
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ASM = Domain Meta Model
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Where do we use DSLs in the context of
cloud applications?
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Breaking down the Cloud Application
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Cloud Application
Data Aspects
Functional Aspects
Non-Functional Aspects
System Aspects
Amit Sheth and Ajith Ranabahu. Semantic Modeling for Cloud Computing, Part 2, IEEE Internet Computing, vol. 14, no. 4, July/Aug 2010 pages 81-84 Amit Sheth and Ajith Ranabahu. Semantic Modeling for Cloud Computing, Part 1, IEEE Internet Computing, vol. 14, no. 3, May/June 2010 pages 81-83
Introduce DSLs to cover each aspect!
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Problem Formation
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How do we put things in a theoretical
perspective?
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Focus on the transformations
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Transformations from domain models to cloud supported
models
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Focus on the properties of
language model transformations
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Assertion :Each metamodel is a
graph
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Model Transformations – Relationship between models, metamodels and transformations
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Model Transformations – Relationship between models, metamodels and transformations expressed symbolically
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Condition 1 : Each semantically distinct concept must be
distinctly defined in the domain metamodel
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Example
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Typical
Required
Metamodel for expressions is a simplified version from Software Language Engineering: Creating Domain-Specific Languages Using Metamodels By Anneke Kleppe
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Condition 2 : The transformation must completely
define the target model
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Lemma 1 : The transformation is not reversible
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Derived condition for Map-Reduce style computations:
Domain meta model must be mappable to a map-reduce task
model
Practical Implications
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More detailed domain models are
needed!
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Not all models can be transformed to
parallel architectures
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Don’t keep hopes on Reverse Engineering!
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What about Data?
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Data schema Incorporated using
DSLs
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Ontologies as data schemas
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Practical Applications : MobiCloud
My Contribution : Conceptualization and primary portion of implementation
1. A Domain Specific Language for Enterprise Grade Cloud-Mobile Hybrid Applications, 11th Workshop on Domain-Specific Modeling (DSM), 20112. Power of Clouds In Your Pocket: An Efficient Approach for Cloud Mobile Hybrid Application Development , Cloudcom 20103. Towards Cloud Mobile Hybrid Application Generation using Semantically Enriched Domain Specific Languages , International Workshop on Mobile Computing and Clouds (MobiCloud 2010)
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MobiCloud is a Cloud-Mobile hybrid application generator
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•Front-end is a native Mobile application
•Back-end sits in a cloud, exposed by a service interface
•Both pieces considered the 'app'
Persistent Storage
Service provider
Implementation
Server side
handler
Data Structures
UIService Client
Data Structures
Mobile Device Cloud
Cloud-mobile hybrid application26th July 2012 78
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MobiCloud Architecture
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MobiCloud DSL
Code Generation Templating Engine
GAE Templates
EC2 Templates
Android Templates
Blackberry Templates
Graphical Composer
Text based Composer
Other Composers
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MobiCloud DSL
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recipe(:todolist) do metadata({:id => 'task-manager'})
# models model(:task, {:name=>:string,:description => :string, :time => :date,:location => :string}) #controllers controller(:taskhandler) do action :create, :task action :retrieve, :task end
# views view :add_task, {:models =>[:task],:controller => :taskhandler, :action => :create} view :show_tasks, {:models =>[:task],:controller => :taskhandler, :action => :retrieve}end
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MobiCloud Tools
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MobiCloud Graphical Composer
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MobiCloud Code Catalog
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Available publicly at http://mobicloud-catalog.knoesis.org
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MobiCloud has extensions that enable the use of known ontologies
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A Scenarios in a nutshell
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Blood pressure recorder : Personal
Web Application
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Objective : Record daily BP values
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Data Driven 4 data items to be recorded and
retrieved (BP figures and date)Simple user interfacePersonal
Private (own) data source
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93Visual composition of the blood pressure date recorder
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Different Android views, showing the index and the addbp screens
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showbp view of Android application
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With MobiCloud, this application was built and
deployed under 5 minutes !
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MobiCloud is the recipient of the Technology award at the Fukuoka
Ruby Innovators Competition
One of two winners of the technology award from 82 competitors over 9 countries
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Practical Applications : SCALE
My Contribution : Concept and Implementation
A helping hand to our biology professor !
1. Identifying and Implementing the Underlying Operators for Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Based Metabolomics Data Analysis, Third International Conference on Bioinformatics and Computational Biology (BICoB-2011)2. The Cloud Agnostic e-Science Analysis Platform, IEEE Internet Computing 2011
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SCALE is a DSL based Statistical Application
Generator
SCALE DSL
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# load dataoriginal_data = load_data(:raw_data_file,{:format => "csv"})# sum normalizenormalized = sum_normalize(original_data)# Auto scalescaled = auto_scale(normalized)# write the filestore_data(:scaled, scaled)
Supports 3 Target Platforms
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•Hadoop (Local cluster or Amazon EC2)
•Windows Azure (using the experimental Daytona framework)
•Any desktop OS using Ruby
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SCALE Architecture
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SCALE DSL
Code Generation Templating Engine
Java (Hadoop) Templates
C# (Azure / Daytona) Templates
Ruby Templates
Graphical Composer
Text based Composer
Other Composers
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SCALE Tools
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SCALE Graphical Composer
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Available publicly at http://metabolink.knoesis.org/SCALE
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Our friendly biologist can now quickly compose his
programs and run them with any resource available!
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What did we learn from these projects?
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Code Metrics comparison
LOC counts of generated
applications
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Significant savings in effort can be
obtained by using DSLs
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Effort Comparison – LOC counts in
templates
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The effort required to create the templates
is manageable
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Pla
tfor
m I
ndep
ende
nce
Complexity
Direct Programming
General Programming Language based Frameworks
DSL based Solutions
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• Overview of Using Abstractions
• Abstractions for program generation
• Abstractions for cloud interaction
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Preliminaries – Basics of Middleware
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Middleware
APIs
Application 1 Application 2Application
N
Lower level
services
Interface
Lower level
services
Interface
Lower level
services
Interface
Platform 1 Platform 2 Platform M
Using Middleware In the Cloud Context
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What Operations can we abstract?
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Application Deployment
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Application Undeployment
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Data Snapshots
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Additional Benefits
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Enforcing / Reusing Patterns
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How to Apply Middleware in the
cloud context?
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General Architecture for using Middleware in a cloud context
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Practical Applications : Altocumulus
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My Contribution : Evolving the concept and major portion of implementation (Member of the 4 person team. Internship work at IBM Research 2009)
1. Toward Cloud-Agnostic Middlewares, OOPSLA, 20092. A Best Practice Model for Cloud Middleware Systems , Best Practices in Cloud Computing: Designing for the Cloud workshop OOPSLA, 2009
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Cloud Middleware System from IBM
Research
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Supported 3 target platforms
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• Amazon EC2o Included EC2 clones such as Eucalyptus
• Google App Engine
• IBM HiPODSo IBM private cloud system, providing
infrastructure cloud services
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Introduced the Concept of Best
Practices
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Altocumulus Architecture
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Altocumulus Dashboard
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Altocumulus Dashboard – Showing the list of deployments and their status
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Pla
tfor
m I
ndep
ende
nce
Complexity
Original Cloud APIs
API Based solutions
Cloud brokers
Altocumulus / Middleware Solutions
Altocumulus technology is now part of the IBM PureSystems Cloud
offering, as part of the IBM Workload Deployer
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Publication Coverage
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Altocumulus MobiCloud SCALE Others
2009 1. OOPSLA [1]2. OOPSLA cloud
workshop [1]* Altocumulus demonstration
2010 1. IEEE Cloudcom [2]2. MobiCase MobiCloud
workshop [1]* MobiCloud demonstration
2 part article on cloud application modeling in IEEE Internet Computing
2011 1. workshop at SPLASH [1]
2. IEEE COMSOC MMTC E-Letter [1] (invited)
1. BiCob [1]2. IEEE Internet
Computing [1]
2012 Paper under review in IEEE TSC
Total of 11 publications and 2 demonstrations covering this research
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• Ajith Ranabahu, Michael Maximilien, Amit Sheth and Krishnaprasad Thirunarayan. A Domain Specific Language for Enterprise Grade Cloud-Mobile Hybrid Applications, 11th Workshop on Domain-Specific Modeling (DSM) 2011 , Portland OR, USA.
• Ashwin Manjunatha, Ajith Ranabahu, Amit Sheth and Krishnaprasad Thirunarayan. Power of Clouds In Your Pocket: An Efficient Approach for Cloud Mobile Hybrid Application Development , 2nd IEEE International Conference on Cloud Computing Technology and Science, 2010, Indianapolis IN, USA. Pages 496-503
• Ajith Ranabahu, Ashwin Manjunatha, Amit Sheth and Krishnaprasad Thirunarayan. Towards Cloud Mobile Hybrid Application Generation using Semantically Enriched Domain Specific Languages , International Workshop on Mobile Computing and Clouds (MobiCloud 2010) ,Santa Clara CA 2010.
Publications
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• Ashwin Manjunatha, Paul Anderson, Ajith Ranabahu and Amit Sheth. Identifying and Implementing the Underlying Operators for Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Based Metabolomics Data Analysis, Third International Conference on Bioinformatics and Computational Biology (BICoB-2011), 2011, New Orleans LA, USA. pages 205-209
• Ajith Ranabahu and Amit Sheth. Semantics Centric Solutions for Application and Data Portability in Cloud Computing, 2nd IEEE International Conference on Cloud Computing Technology and Science, 2010, Indianapolis IN, USA. pages 234-241
• Kalpa Gunaratna, Ajith Ranabahu, Paul Anderson and Amit Sheth. A Study in Hadoop Streaming with Matlab for NMR Data Processing , 2nd IEEE International Conference on Cloud Computing Technology and Science, 2010, Indianapolis IN, USA. pages 786-789
• Michael Maximilien, Ajith Ranabahu, Roy Engehausen and Laura Anderson. Toward Cloud-Agnostic Middlewares, 24th ACM SIGPLAN International Conference on Object-Oriented Programming, Systems, Languages, and Applications (OOPSLA), 2009, Orlando FL, USA. pages 619-626
Publications (Cont.)
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• Ajith Ranabahu and Michael Maximilien. A Best Practice Model for Cloud Middleware Systems , Proceedings of the Best Practices in Cloud Computing: Designing for the Cloud workshop at the 24th ACM SIGPLAN International Conference on Object-Oriented Programming, Systems, Languages, and Applications (OOPSLA) pages 41-51
• Ajith Ranabahu, Paul Anderson and Amit Sheth. The Cloud Agnostic e-Science Analysis Platform, IEEE Internet Computing, vol. 15, no. 6, Nov/Dec. 2011 pages 85-89
• Amit Sheth and Ajith Ranabahu. Semantic Modeling for Cloud Computing, Part 2, IEEE Internet Computing, vol. 14, no. 4, July/Aug 2010 pages 81-84
• Amit Sheth and Ajith Ranabahu. Semantic Modeling for Cloud Computing, Part 1, IEEE Internet Computing, vol. 14, no. 3, May/June 2010 pages 81-83
Publications(Cont.)
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Conclusion
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Using DSLs to provide domain abstractions is a feasible way to
develop cloud applicationsin a platform agnostic manner
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Middleware based process abstractions are a feasible way to deploy and manage applications in the cloud
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My Other Research Activities
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Year
Res
earc
h an
d C
ontr
ibut
ions
SOA
Annotation
Service Composition
Cloud Middleware
Cloud Application Generation
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
MediatabilityEvent Detection
SA-WSDL SA-REST Kino Annotation Tools
IBM Sharable Code
IBM Altocumulus
MobiCloud
SCALE
Faceted Search / APIHut
publication
Open source / public tool
Patent
Questions
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Thank You
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Extra Slides
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Salesforce Contact Manager : Enterprise
Web application
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Objective: View contacts from your Salesforce account
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•Connected to external data sources
•Likely to be shared
•Rigorous security
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Uses 2nd Generation MobiCloud with the
Salesforce Extension
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Text Mode, editing the salesforce contact manager Application – Graphical mode is not active in the advanced mode
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Different Android views, showing the index, salesforce_accounts and salesforce_login screens
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