pg. 136 rtw: what is one interesting thing you learned about fish & sharks? objective: – i...
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Pg. 136 RTW: What is one interesting thing you learned about Fish &
Sharks?• Objective:
– I will be prepared for the Marine EOC on 5/18.• Agenda:
– Final Review– Mammalia needs to send me quiz for approval– STUDY FOR FINAL ON MONDAY!
• Homework:– FINAL IN CLASS ON MONDAY: STUDY
Monday, May 11th, 2015
Pg. 136 RTW: What is your favorite organism that we’ve learned about?
• Objective:– I will be able to cite examples and explain the adaptations
to the marine environment of the invertebrate phyla: Reptilia.
• Agenda:– Reptilia Foldable– Reptilia group be ready to present tomorrow!– Mammalia group send digital documents by today!– STUDY FOR FINAL ON MONDAY!
• Homework:– FINAL IN CLASS ON MONDAY: STUDY
Tuesday, May 12th, 2015
Chordate (class reptilia)
Examples:Class reptilia: sea turtle, marine iguana,
crocodiles, sea snakes.
General Characteristics:They are ectotherms; which means “cold
blooded”.Bear their young in eggsBreathe using lungs, instead of gills
Chordate (class reptilia)
Diagrams:
Reproduction: sexual and either lay eggs or have internal development without parental nourishment. (ovoviviparous)
1. Kemp’s Ridley
2. Hawksbill
3. Loggerhead
4. Green
5. Leatherback
Five (5) species of marine turtles nest in Florida
Green Sea Turtle
Green turtle
It is one of the largest species: 3ft long
recognized because they have one pair of scales in front of their eyes
Green Turtle
Most common It’s called the
green turtle because of the green color of the fat under shell, they are not actually green.
Diet consists almost exclusively on seagrasses and marine algae (Hatchlings eat plants and animals)
Inhabits shallow waters and is attracted to lagoons with an abundance of grass and algae
Hawksbill
Hawksbill Turtle The beautiful
shell often used for jewelry
Distinctive by its hawk like beak
Can reach 3 feet
Diet consists of primarily sponges
Inhabits rocky areas, coral reefs, coastal areas, lagoons.
Illegal trade of tortoiseshell continues
Kemp Ridley
Kemp’s Ridley
Kemp’s Ridley most endangered
species, as well as the smallest: only grows to 24-28 in
They are olive green in color.
Mostly nest on one beach, in Rancho Nuevo, Mexico.
Carapace is almost as wide as long
Diet consists mostly of crabs Females swarm to mass
nesting emergences known as arribadas in the daylight.
arribadasarribadas
Leatherback
Leatherback Can dive the
deepest and travel the furthest of any other turtle.
Can reach 4 to 8 feet Diet mostly jellyfish, but also
sea urchins, squid, crustaceans, fish, blue-green bacteria, & floating seaweed
Most pelagic of all sea turtles
Leatherbacks
Instead of a solid shell they have bones in their skin that form 5 ridges.
Loggerhead
Loggerhead Turtle They can be
identified by their large head, reddish brown carapace (top), and dull brown plastron (bottom).
Diet consists of mollusks, crustaceans, fish, other marine animals
Widely distributed
Turtle concerns
1. Diseases……caused by??????? Pollution Red Tide Viruses
Fibropapilloma tumors(FY bro PAP il LO ma) Causes blindnessDifficulty swimming Eventual death
Locations w/ infected Turtles
Turtle concernsTurtle concerns2. 2. UsUs (humans) (humans)
BoatsBoats
Shrimp Boats, TED Shrimp Boats, TED DevicesDevices
Plastics, trashPlastics, trash
Loss of habitatLoss of habitat
Turtle egg poachingTurtle egg poaching
Beach Beach nourishment/dredgingnourishment/dredging
Beach drivingBeach driving
http://www.scaquarium.org/seaturtle/rescue.aspx
Interesting Facts:Archelon is the oldest known fossil at 150 MYA.Found in 1970’s in S.Dakota.
Archelon:Measured 15 ft long (from beak to tail) and 16.5 ft wide(including flippers and shell), weighing 4,500 lbs.
Archelon:Primarily ate giant squid.
Marine Iguana (10 in- 2 ft)Widely distributed throughout GalapagosPopulation varies in color & size= single speciesHerbivores= seaweed in intertidal zone
Males are bigger than females Males tend to swim past breaks Average diving depths= 1.5-5 meters
Physical &Physiological CharacteristicsPermit feedingHabits
-Long & sharpclaws
Land Iguana
Marine Iguana
Marine Iguana gripping rocks during feeding
Adapted to swim well Flattened tail for propulsion
Able to scrape algae off rocks with 3 cusped teeth- Razor Sharp!!
Sea Snakes Approx 70
species of sea snakes
Almost all are venomous
Different from eelsEels are fish
with gills, not reptiles with lungs
American
Crocodile
American
Alligator
Overlapping Teeth
Gator vs Crocodile
Crocodiles
Have been on earth for about 100 million years
Human impacts have caused population to decline
Found around the
tip of Florida in
coastal, brackish
or saltwater habitats
AmericanCrocodile
AmericanAlligator
American Alligator
Primarily freshwater swamps Adults can tolerate saltwater for only
short periods of time Lack salt secreting glands found in
crocodiles Hatchlings receive parental care from
mother staying with her for up to a year Florida Red-bellied turtles tend to lay
their eggs in an alligator nest
No RTW: Reptilia group be ready to present when the bell rings!
• Objective:– I will be able to cite examples and explain the
adaptations to the marine environment of the invertebrate phyla: Reptilia.
• Agenda:– Reptilia Fish Food Presentation– STUDY FOR FINAL ON MONDAY!
• Homework:– FINAL IN CLASS ON MONDAY: STUDY
Wednesday, May 13th, 2015
Pg. 136 RTW: What is one interesting fact about Reptilia?
• Objective:– I will be able to cite examples and explain the
adaptations to the marine environment of the invertebrate phyla: Mammalia.
• Agenda:– Foldable Notes Chordata: Mammalia– Mammalia group be ready to present tomorrow!– STUDY FOR FINAL ON MONDAY!
• Homework:– FINAL IN CLASS ON MONDAY: STUDY
Thursday, May 14th, 2015
Chordate (class Mammalia: marine mammals) Examples:
Order Cetacea: whales, dolphins, porpoisesOrder Sirenia: manatees, dugongsOrder Carnivora: sea otters, polar bearsOrder Pinnepedia: seals, sea lions
Characteristics: 5 mammal characteristics: hair, live young, produce
milk, breathe air, endothermicAdapted for swimmingCetaceans use echolocation to navigate
Chordate (class mammalia)
Diagram:
Reproduction: sexual, live birth with placenta attached to mom. Mothers produce milk to feed young.
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Characteristics
• Mammals went from land to sea 50 million years ago.
• Their bodies have adapted to swimming and diving rather than running/jumping on land
• Only produce a few well cared for young• Mammals are
1. Air breathing
2. Live birth, embryo receives nutrients through placenta
3. Warm blooded
4. Have mammary glands produce milk for young
5. Have hair at some point in their lives
Class Mammalia
order Pinnipedia(Seals, Sea Lions& Walruses)
order Carnivora(Sea Otters)
order Sirenia(Manatees &Dugongs)
order Cetacea(Whales, Dolphins& Porpoises)
Pinnipeds
Sea Lions
Seals
Major differences:Major differences:•Sea Lions can move back flipper Sea Lions can move back flipper forward forward •Sea Lions have external earsSea Lions have external ears•Sea Lions males have external Sea Lions males have external testiclestesticles•Sea Lions lack toes w/ clawsSea Lions lack toes w/ claws
Walruses
Pinnipeds usually live in cold water Have a thick layer of blubber for insulation,
food reserve & buoyancy Bristly hair & large size conserve body heat
(less surface area)
Exception: Monk Seals These seals live in warm climates Two species are rare: Mediterranean &
Hawaiian One species is extinct, last seen in 1952:
Caribbean Seals hunted for skin, meat & oil
c. 1910
CaribbeanMonk SealLast seenIn 1952
Steller’sSea Cow
•Closest relatives to Closest relatives to manatees & dugongs are manatees & dugongs are elephantselephants•The only true vegetarians The only true vegetarians among marine mammalsamong marine mammals•The extinct Steller’s sea The extinct Steller’s sea cow was the largest cow was the largest @ 25-30 feet@ 25-30 feet
SireniansSirenians
Dugong
class Mammalia
order Pinnipedia(Seals, Sea Lions& Walruses)
order Carnivora(Sea Otters)
order Sirenia(Manatees &Dugongs)
order Cetacea(Whales, Dolphins& Porpoises)
Breathing
Blowhole takes air to lungs Toothed whales have 1 nostril Baleen whales have 2 nostrils
Swimming
Large body size- streamline shapes Tail flukes and hind flippers propel them
through water
Blubber
Mammals are endothermic (warm blooded)
Blubber- used to keep them warm Over 60cm thick, traps heat.
Communication & Echolocation Well developed brains, very intelligent Communicates using clicks & sounds
through the melon.Use the reflected sound to determine size,
shape and density.
Songs produced by the Beluga & Humpback whales
Comparison of Vertebrate Brains- Brain is larger in relationBrain is larger in relation
to body size & more complex compared to other vertebratesto body size & more complex compared to other vertebratesThis allows more storage & processing of informationThis allows more storage & processing of information
•Only marine member of the order Carnivora Only marine member of the order Carnivora (exception- Polar bear)(exception- Polar bear)•Lacks a layer of blubber, has dense fur for Lacks a layer of blubber, has dense fur for insulationinsulation•Almost killed to extinction in 1911Almost killed to extinction in 1911
Cetaceans(Cetus: greek forwhale) Largest group (90
species) Experienced complete
transition to aquatic life Breathe through one
single or double blowhole
http://video.nationalgeographic.com/video/player/animals/mammals-animals/dolphins-and-porpoises/dolphin-pink-river.html
All marine except a few species of dolphins
Cetaceans divided into 2 groups:Toothless, filter feeding Toothed, carnivorous
River Dolphin
Toothless Whales- have two blowholes
Baleen is rows of flexible, fibrous plates that hang from the upper jaws.
Made of keratin (similar to hair & nails)
Hanging from the plates are bristles that overlap and form a dense mat
This filters out the food from the water that the whale takes in
13 species- Blue whale is largest (M-80ft/ F-110ft)
Baleen used for boning in corsets
Suborder: Mysticeti(Baleen whales)
Rorquals
Whales that have an expanding throat (accordion like)
Ex. blue whale, fin whale, minke whale, & humpback whale
Blue Whale
http://www.ecokids.ca/pub/eco_info/topics/whales/habitat_degradation.cfm
Suborder: Odontoceti,(toothed whales)
Most are dolphins & porpoises
Largest toothed whale is the sperm whale-Now the most numerous
Pressures from whaling, drowning in nets are impacting all populations
Humpback Whale spout
Large whales will have a visible spout when they Large whales will have a visible spout when they blow air out of blowholeblow air out of blowholeThis is the condensation of their warm breath This is the condensation of their warm breath hitting the cooler airhitting the cooler airThe height & angle can help ID a whale at a The height & angle can help ID a whale at a distance (Blue Whale- 20-40 ft high)distance (Blue Whale- 20-40 ft high)
http://www.salariya.com/web_books/whaling/blows/spouts.html
No RTW: Mammalia group be ready to present when the bell rings!
• Objective:– I will be able to cite examples and explain the
adaptations to the marine environment of the invertebrate phyla: Mammalia.
• Agenda:– Mammalia Fish Food Presentation– Mammalia group send digital documents by today!– STUDY FOR FINAL ON MONDAY!
• Homework:– FINAL IN CLASS ON MONDAY: STUDY
Friday, May 15th , 2015
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