petroleum

Petroleum.

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Special Full pleas

e!

Take it

Sir!

Dhs. 80

Dad what

is petroleum?

My smart Lily, if you are

interested to learn about petroleum,

let’s ask your petrol uncle to explain about

it.

After reaching the park

Don’t worry Lily I will explain you

everything about petroleum. Just

watch and listen.

Petroleum Did you know that petroleum is an

important fossil fuel? It is also known as crude oil. So friends, can you just guess where petroleum is found?

Ans. It is found locked in impervious rocks below the earth’s crust.

Petroleum All of you must be knowing about the smell

of petroleum. So we can say that petroleum or crude oil is a smelly, dark-coloured liquid. It is a mixture of various hydrocarbons such as natural gas, gasoline, kerosene, asphalt, and fuel oil. Hydrocarbons are compounds made up of only hydrogen and carbon.

Crude Oil

Petroleum is found locked in impervious rocks below the earth’s crust.

Hydrocarbon molecule

Natural GasGasoline

KeroseneAsphaltFuel Oil

Petroleum Products of petroleum such as petrol, diesel, and

jet fuels are used to run cars, trucks , aircrafts, ships etc.

Now everybody imagine that in this world synthetic fibres, wax, plastics, fertilisers , lubricants etc. never existed. If this happened then life on earth would be very difficult. So we should thank to petroleum due to which we got all these products.

Products of petroleum

PetrolDiesel

Jet Fuel

Synthetic Fibres

Formation of Petroleum The word petroleum comes from the Latin

words – Petra (meaning: rock) and oleum (meaning: oil). So it means that petroleum is found in rocks under the Earth’s crust. Actually, petroleum was formed from the remains of plants and animals that settled to the bottom of oceans. Now what happened is that these remains were covered by layers of mud, silt and sand.

Formation of Petroleum Over millions of years, as a result of enormous heat

and pressure and bacterial action, the organic remains gradually changed into a waxy substance that forms crude oil or petroleum. The crude oil is trapped between the layers of the Earth’s crust in the form of oil reservoirs from where it is extracted. So now we know that how the petroleum is formed.

Extraction of Petroleum So now we have learnt how petroleum is

formed so now we can even learnt that how petroleum is extracted. To extract petroleum, a survey is carried out to locate the oil reservoir under water. Initially, due to high pressure, petroleum comes out with great force. As the pressure decreases, the oil has to be pumped out of the oil well.

Welcome to the oil refinery where we

will learn about refining of petroleum.

Petroleum in its natural form is useless because itis very thick, smelly, and waxy mixture. It has to be first separated into allits useful constituents. The process of separating crude oil into usable components is known as refining of petroleum and the various components obtained are called fractions. This is the reason why we do refining of petroleum.

The process used in refining of petroleum is carried out in refineries and is called fractional distillation.

In the process of fractional distillation, crude oil is introduced into a tall cylindrical column, called the fractionating column. The fractionating column is fitted with horizontal trays. The crude oil I is heated using a furnace till it vapourises. The vapour is then allowed to condense to obtain the various fractions.

The different components of petroleum has different boiling points. The crude petroleum is heated and changed into gas or vapour. As the gas rises in the fractionating

column, it begins to condense into liquid form. When a substance in the gaseous state cools below its boiling point, it condenses into a liquid. Since different components have different boiling points, they condense at different heights, and get collected in separate trays.

Thus, fractional distillation separates a mixture of compounds using their different boiling points. The liquids having higher boiling points liquefy (turn to liquid) at higher temperatures, that is, at lower level in the column. The liquids having lower boiling points liquefy at lower temperatures towards the top of the column.

Fractions Uses PicturesPetroleum gas Gaseous fuel for

homes and industry; in LPG cylinders

Fuel Oil Industrial fuel

Petrol Fuel for vehicles, aviation fuel, solvent for dry cleaning

Kerosene Fuel for stoves and illumination

Fractions Uses PicturesDiesel Fuel for diesel engines

and generators

Lubricating oil Lubrication of machine parts

Paraffin wax Candles, shoe polish, wax paper

Bitumen Surfacing of roads, paints

Now its quiz time

Rules:

- There are 3 groups. Group A, Group B and Group C. Groups will get 10 seconds to decide who is the group

leader.- Each group leader will select two people from their

group to answer the question (before seeing the questions).

- When a first question will be asked to the group, any one of the two people can answer the question.

- If both of them won’t be able to answer then that question will be passed.

-If there is a tie between two or more groups, a tie breaker will be asked which have no points.

(1 mark per question)Q.1. Complete the sentence: Petrol is an important ______________

Q.2. Petroleum is also called _________

Q.3. Crude oil is a ______ coloured liquid

(2 mark per question)Q.4. How is petroleum formed?Q.5. How is petroleum extracted?Q.6. How is refining of petroleum done?

True or False: (1 mark per question)

Q.7. Petroleum comes from the Latin word petri and oleum.

Q.8. The process of separating crude oil into usable components is known as refining of petroleum.

Q.9. Bitumen is used for making candles.

Give one word answers for the following:( 1 mark per question)Q.10. The process of separating petroleum

into usable components.Q.11. Another name of crude oil.Q.12. The components of petroleum are

also known by this name.

Done by : AyshaClass : 8-B